تأثیر اشعار سعدی در زبان و شعر حاجی بکر آقای حویزی (قاصد)
آرشیو
چکیده
حاجی بکر آقای حویزی ملقب به قاصد یکی از شاعران بنام کُرد است. قاصد شاعری غزل سراست و در قالب های دیگر غیر از غزل به ندرت شعر سروده است. زبان ادبی و شاعرانه او نرم و تا حدودی به زبان معیار و متداول نزدیک است. گاه در شیرینی و سادگی و سهل و ممتنع بودنش، یادآور شعر سعدی، شاعر گران مایه ایرانی است. در این پژوهش برآنیم تا برخی از مضامین و واژه ها و اصطلاحاتی که قاصد از اندیشه و زبان سعدی شیرازی تأثیر پذیرفته است، به روش تحلیلی توصیفی مورد بررسی و مداقه قرار دهیم و ببینیم این شاعر تا چه حد تحت تأثیر سعدی بوده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که قاصد با الهام از سروده ها به ویژه غزلیات سعدی، نه تنها از زبان و قالب های شعری سعدی تأثیر گرفته، بلکه در ساحت اندیشه نیز به او نزدیک شده است. همچنان که سعدی، با بهره گیری از زبانی ساده و ممتنع کوشیده تا مفاهیم عاشقانه، اخلاقی و انسانی را به خواننده منتقل سازد؛ قاصد نیز در اشعارش از این شیوه بهره جسته و با زبانی نرم و آهنگین، پیام های عاشقانه و تعلیمی خود را بیان می دارد. این پیروی از سعدی، در نحوه بیان احساسات و نیز در ساختار شعر، به نیکی مشهود است.The influence of Saadi's poems on the language and poetry of Haji Bakr Agha Hawizi (Qased)
IntroductionKurdish-speaking poets, especially in recent centuries, have paid special attention to the romantic, mystical, and social themes of Persian poetry. The influence of Persian literature on Kurdish poetry is not limited to themes and language, but social and cultural aspects are also important in this context. Kurdish poets, inspired by Persian-speaking poets, have engaged in social and political criticism and have tried to make the voices of their people heard around the world. Haji Bakr Agha Hawizi, nicknamed Qased, is a poet whose life and works demonstrate the deep connection between Kurdish poetry and Persian literature. Born in the 19th century, he grew up in a cultural environment where Persian-speaking poets, especially Saadi and Hafez, had a profound influence on the literature of the time.One of the most striking features of Qased’s poetry is its romantic and mystical themes, which in some cases seem to be influenced by the poetry of Saadi and Hafez. For example, Qased, like these two poets, considers love as a deep and dynamic concept in his poems and uses beautiful romantic allegories and images to this end.Using mystical themes, he describes situations in which love for God and love for a human lover are intertwined; in his sonnets, one can see signs of his life experiences that are reminiscent of Saadi's poems. This essay attempts to examine some of the linguistic features of Qased and to clearly show how Qased, using his own experiences, has utilized the language of Saadi's sonnets to express these themes and at the same time has created a unique poem. Research MethodologyThe research method is descriptive-analytical. Discuss Qased is a Kurdish-speaking poet from Iraq Kurdistan who, despite his somewhat different linguistic and cultural background, had a great attachment to Persian poetry, especially the poems of Saadi Shirazi, and this interest is evident in his poems. Qased has followed Saadi in many of his similes, allusions, and linguistic combinations, and by relying on Saadi's language, expression, and themes, he has been able to create a rich and eloquent language that is sometimes reminiscent of the beauty and elegance of Saadi's poems, this sweet-spoken Iranian poet. Qased has been influenced by Saadi in many ways, both linguistically and structurally. This influence reflects Qased's deep attachment and connection to Saadi's poems. By using Saadi's expressions and images, Qased has been able to adapt Saadi's language to his own poetic taste and reflect them in his poetry in a way that is sometimes reminiscent of Saadi's poems. This influence is not only due to pure imitation, but also a sign of Qased's devotion and deep understanding of Saadi's poetic structures and themes, which he was able to romantically apply in his poetry. By reflecting on Qased's poems, it can be said that Qased, in expressing his criticisms of asceticism and hypocrisy of ascetics and recklessness in the face of critics, was inspired by Saadi Shirazi and tried to portray the same concepts and views in similar language.The messenger introduces himself as a Sufi because he is indifferent to the manners and speech that are popular with the people, the outwardly ascetic and he does not care about being infamous among the people. He cares only for love and the beloved, and this has become a source of encouragement and courage for him and the Sufi in the land of good love. ConclusionIn his poems, Qased has clearly followed the themes, language, style, and poetic method of Saadi. Like him, he uses a simple, fluent language, free from grammatical and linguistic complexities, which makes it pleasant and understandable for the reader. In the choice of words and the structure of sentences, he shows a tendency to use everyday language, to the extent that by reading his poems, one can feel the same simplicity and elegance familiar to Saadi.As we see in Saadi's sonnets, he often uses smooth, harmonious meters and pleasant vocabulary that make it easier for the reader to follow the emotional and semantic flow of the poem. This type of style, with its inner music, draws the reader's attention to the poetic images and immerses him in the romantic and emotional world of the messenger.Conceptually, Qased, like Saadi, focuses on moral, romantic, and human themes in his works. Using this simple and emotional language, he expresses human inner concerns and romantic issues, and, like Saadi, he tries to convey these feelings to the reader in a simple and non-pretentious language.Qased not only follows Saadi in terms of language, but also in terms of thought, he follows his style and view of man and love, and other issues such as criticizing the asceticism and hypocrisy of ascetics, fearlessness in the face of critics, and empathy with the lost and lovers. Inspired by Saadi, Qased criticizes hypocritical ascetics who outwardly emphasize chastity and piety, but inwardly seek worldly status and position.Like Saadi, Qased views the issue of love and is not afraid of the criticism of others. He sarcastically dismisses the criticism of preachers and ascetics as worthless and states that love and devotion are superior to the outward life of asceticism for him. Like Saadi, he is indifferent to the outward appearance of love and points to the truth of love. This love is seen only in the hearts of true lovers who look more closely at its human depth and spiritual commitments.In general, Qased, following Saadi, considers love to be above superficial and worldly judgments and ignores ascetic condemnation. This attitude is especially seen in poems about loyalty to love in the face of hardship. In this way, Qased, like Saadi, respects not only mysticism but also human values that are manifested in true love in his poems.
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