بررسی صحت وسقم چند انتساب از سفینه روضة الناظر و نزهة الخاطر (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
روضه الناظر و نزهه الخاطر سفینه ای است به جامانده از قرن هشتم، مشتمل بر اشعاری با زبان فارسی و عربی. این سفینه را عزالدین عبدالعزیز کاشی گردآوری کرده است. نسخه مد نظر ترقیمه ندارد و در ارتباط با تاریخ دقیق آن به حدس و گمان روی آورده اند. روضه الناظر و نزهه الخاطر ازنظر معرفی و ارائه نمونه های شعریِ شاعران گمنام و شناخته شده، دارای ارزش و اهمیت ویژه ای است. تمامی اشعاری که در این سفینه آمده، از شاعران پیش از سده هشتم است. سفینه مد نظر ازنظر تاریخی و معرفی شاعران و حل تنازع در انتساب شعرِ شاعران بسیار درخور است؛ بااین حال نباید از این موضوع مهم نیز غافل بود که گاهی خطاهایی در انتساب اشعار شاعران، در آن رخ داده است. پژوهش پیش ِ رو بر آن است تا با مطابقت نسخه های خطی و چاپی بتواند چند انتساب مشکوک این سفینه را بررسی و صحت و سقم آنها را مشخص کند. تقدم و تأخر تاریخیِ نسخه ها و متونی که بررسی و با متن روضه الناظر و نزهه الخاطر مقابله شده اند، در تأئید و رد این انتساب ها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در این جُستار هشت مورد از انتساب های مشکوک سفینه مزبور بررسی شد که سه مورد با قطعیت تأیید و سه مورد رد شد. در دو مورد دیگر اگرچه با قاطعیت نمی شود نظر داد، اما می توان حدود منطقی انتساب ها را مشخص کرد.Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater, Attribution, Verify, Accuracy, Inaccuracy.
Introduction Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater is a significant and esteemed anthology from the 8th century. Before exploring the main topic, it was essential to clarify an important distinction: there were three texts with similar titles. The first, Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater by Abd al-Aziz Kashi, was the primary text and the focus of this research. This manuscript was housed in the Istanbul University Library and consisted of a collection of Arabic and Persian poetry (See: Kashi, n.d., No. 766 F).Fenkhā described this text as follows: "It is a substantial book compiled by Abd al-Aziz Kashi in one large volume divided into 3 sections: 1. Praises, wisdom, and etiquette, which is further divided into 2 chapters: the first containing 50 sections and the second containing 15 sections; 2. Various stories organized into 22 chapters, some of which are divided into several sections; 3. Miscellaneous topics presented in 8 chapters. The book includes both Persian and Arabic poetry" (Derayati, 2011/17: 241). However, it seemed that Derayati had erred in his description of the text's chapters as the arrangement differed from what was referenced. Additionally, while Derayati attributed a copying date of 792 to Rowzat al-Nazer, the manuscript itself lacked both a specific copying date and information about the scribe.Seyyed Ali Mirafzali commented on this issue: "The date of this book remains unknown. However, since Abul-Majd Tabrizi mentions him with a prayer phrase in 723 AH while copying Resaleh Qalamiyeh, another work by the author, it can be inferred that the compilation of Rowzat al-Nazer has likely occurred in the first quarter or at most the second quarter of the 8th century." (Mirafzali, 2003: 97)The second text titled Rowzat al-Nazer, Nozhat al-Khater was distinct from Abd al-Aziz Kashi's poetry anthology. This manuscript was housed in the Hagia Sophia Library and was cataloged as No. 4020. It consisted of a collection of stories organized into 15 chapters with poems interspersed throughout the narratives (See: Unknown author, 881, no scribe, No. 4020). Notably, Fenkhā also attributed this text to Abd al-Aziz Kashi (See: Derayati, 2011/17: 242).The third text, also titled Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater, appeared to be an abridgment of Kashi's original work. This manuscript was located in the Hagia Sophia Library and was cataloged as No. 4019. It summarized the poems found in the Istanbul manuscript but did not attribute the poets' names (Unknown author, n.d., no scribe). In the catalog of Iranian manuscripts, this version was referred to as an excerpt from the Istanbul manuscript and was attributed to Abd al-Aziz Kashi (See: Derayati, 2011/17: 242); however, the original manuscript did not mention the author's name.Materials & MethodsThis research employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The manuscript of Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater served as the primary source for the study supplemented by other manuscripts and printed copies to verify or refute the attributions being examined.Research FindingsThe analysis of the anthology Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater yielded important insights into the accuracy of attributions made within this 8th-century collection of Persian and Arabic poetry. The findings from our investigation into several dubious attributions are summarized below: Incorrect Attribution to SaadiThe anthology contained a three-line poem that had been attributed to the renowned poet Saadi. Our investigation definitively established that this attribution was incorrect, suggesting that either the poem belonged to another poet or was a piece of lesser-known origin. Valid Attribution to VatvatA ghazal attributed to Vatvat in the anthology appeared in the printed Diwan of Rashid, corroborating its authenticity. Conversely, the attribution of this same ghazal to Saadi, as noted in the appendix of Saadi's ghazals in Foroughi's edition, was incorrect. This discrepancy highlighted the need for careful scrutiny of attributions in poetic collections. Plausible Attribution to SanaiSeveral lines from a qasida had been attributed to Sanai and this attribution appeared plausible based on stylistic and thematic elements. However, a competing claim by Modarres Razavi suggested that these lines might actually belong to Abd al-Vasea Jabali, indicating the complexity of authorship in poetic traditions and the necessity for further comparative analysis. Mixed Attributions to Ez al-Din Mahmoud KashiThe anthology featured two quatrains attributed to Ez al-Din Mahmoud Kashi. Our findings confirmed that one of these attributions was accurate, while the other was not. This highlighted the challenges of verifying authorship, particularly when multiple works were ascribed to a single poet. Accurate Attribution to Athir AkhsikatiThe attribution of a quatrain to Athir Akhsikati had been verified as accurate. This finding reinforced the significance of this poet in the anthology and contributed to a better understanding of the literary landscape of the time. Attribution in the Dispute between Rudaki and KamalIn a notable dispute between Rudaki and Kamal regarding a quatrain, our analysis suggested that it was more logical to attribute this work to Kamal. This finding illustrated the intricate interrelations among poets of the era and the interpretive challenges in attributing works correctly. Questionable Attribution to SaadiFinally, three lines critical of women, which were presented in the form of a Masnavi, had been attributed to Saadi. However, our investigation raised significant doubts about this attribution, suggesting that it might not accurately reflect Saadi's body of work or thematic concerns.Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe anthology Rowzat al-Nazer and Nozhat al-Khater was a significant contribution to our literary history from the 8th century AH, particularly in its role in attributing poems to poets active before this period. However, it is important to acknowledge that some erroneous attributions existed within the anthology. This research examined several dubious attributions, yielding the following findings:The attribution of a three-line poem to Saadi was definitively incorrect.A ghazal attributed to Vatvat in this anthology appeared in the printed Diwan of Rashid, suggesting that this attribution was accurate. Conversely, the attribution of this ghazal to Saadi, as noted in the appendix of Saadi's ghazals in Foroughi's edition, was incorrect.Several lines from a qasida had been attributed to Sanai and this attribution appeared plausible. However, Modarres Razavi, in his discussion of this qasida in Sanai's Diwan, suggested it might actually be by Abd al-Vasea Jabali.Two quatrains had been attributed to Ez al-Din Mahmoud Kashi; one attribution was correct while the other was not.The attribution of a quatrain to Athir Akhsikati was accurate.In a dispute between Rudaki and Kamal regarding a quatrain, it seemed more logical to attribute the work to Kamal.Three lines, presented in the form of a Masnavi and critical of women, had been attributed to Saadi; however, this attribution was highly questionable.
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