مؤلفه های اثرگذار و اثر پذیر توسعه شهری و تغییرات اقلیمی، یک رابطه دو سویه در جهت انطباق پذیری با سناریوهای جهانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تغییرات اقلیمی مهم ترین بحران قرن حاضر شناخته شده است که بسیاری از دانشمندان و محققان عامل اصلی وقوع آن را فعالیت های انسانی به ویژه در سطح شهرها می دانند، اما باید عنوان نمود که تغییر اقلیم نه تنها متأثر از عوامل انسانی و شهری است، بلکه بر آنها نیز تأثیر گذار خواهند بود و پیامدهای مختلفی را به دنبال خواهد داشت. این فرایند چرخشی با توجه به تسریع تولید گازهای گلخانه ای و فعالیت های صنعتی روز افزون به مراتب اکوسیستم شهری و طبیعی را بیشتر در معرض خطر قرار می دهد. بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش، شناخت عوامل تأثیر گذار و تأثیرپذیر چه در سطح شهری و چه در سطح طبیعی و ارائه راهکارهای کارگشاتر و مدیریت قابل قبول تر در عرصه محلی و جهانی جهت مقابله با خطرات ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی بودده است که در این راستا از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی- استدلال منطقی استفاده شده است. طبق بررسی ادبیات پژوهش و بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل و بررسی و تکیه بر استنباط و تجزیه و تحلیل مبانی ؛ عوامل مهمی همچون اقتصاد، اجتماع، عملکرد و زیرساخت ها، کالبد و ریخت شهری، زیست محیطی به عنوان عوامل اصلی و ریز فاکتورهای هر کدام به صورت کاملاً تفکیک شده، راه را برای ارائه راه حل های دقیق تر و تخصصی تر جهت مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی (علل رخداد، اثرات و پیامدها) هموارتر می سازد و راهنمایی برای علاقه مندان و پژوهشگران حوزه محیط زیست، شهرسازی، معماری، اجتماع، اقتصاد، سیاست مدیریتی و... می-باشد.Effective and effective consequences of urban development and climate change, a two-way relationship in the direction of adaptability to global scenarios
Results and discussionConsidering the involvement of the human factor and as the main factor in the formation of the climate change crisis and the impact and effectiveness of this factor and the crisis on each other and in the direction of the adaptability of two-way communication with global scenarios, therefore, all the components and indicators that are in this issue and The issues are important and they have been explained and extracted based on the review of opinions and previous researches, as well as relying on the development of the literature and the basics of research; It includes the economic component with indicators (sustainable consumption, production and property, control of economic opportunities, the cost of infrastructure systems, perhori), the social component with indicators (participation, social classes, social facilities, mental health), the environmental component with indicators (in two health sectors and energy with indicators of microclimatic changes, access to water and food resources, local energy independence, zero carbon, integrated energy, type of construction, geographical location, demand reduction, elimination of inefficient energies), functional component with indicators (land use, transport and transportation, distance control, urban network connections, mix of uses, green and blue infrastructures, technological systems), anatomical-anatomical component with indicators (morphology, ossification, view to the sky, geometry type of components, control of urban plans).ConclusionBased on evidence and statistical findings, the climate of the planet is warming, especially in urban areas. The effects of climate change on cities and citizens in environmental, social and economic fields are destructive and harmful, one of the main challenges of cities in this field is the increase of heat resources, which is known as the phenomenon of urban heat islands. This heating affects most of the characteristics of the human living environment. In the cities, the heat island of the city becomes more intense, and the air pollution of the urban environment increases. Energy consumption increases to create favorable living conditions. In general, the increase in temperature in the urban environment causes problems and heavy costs. The only solution to prevent or at least moderate these problems is to change the social, economic, environmental, functional and physical structure of the city to adapt to this warming process and as a result climate changes. Unfortunately, climate change and the effects of urban structure on the city's climate are not taken into account nowadays in decisions for the development of cities. Therefore, the importance of city planning and policy-making to make them resilient against climate change should be considered by officials and experts in this field. Therefore, the first step in dealing with the issue of climate change crisis can be found in informing and creating high sensitivity and awareness in organizations related to city management and climate change and citizens. This awareness can cause serious determination of the officials of the related bodies and public participation in the direction of managing and reducing the risk of greenhouse gas production factors. In the next step, by using the research and experiences of cities in adaptation programs to the effects of climate change, we should take into account the strategies of adaptation to climate changes in planning, management, design, economy, society and urban environment He took steps towards the creation of resilient cities Against climate change, the main steps were taken to create a network of programs, strategies and schedules about the common characteristics between the impact and the impact of climate change and cities.Key Wordsadaptability, Climate change, global scenarios, urban development.References- Belcakova, I., Diviakova, A., & Belaňová, E. (2017, October). Ecological Footprint in relation to Climate Change Strategy in Cities. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 6, p. 062021). IOP Publishing.- Carter, J. G. (2018). Urban climate change adaptation: Exploring the implications of future land cover scenarios. Cities, 77, 73-80. - Doherty, M., Klima, K., & Hellmann, J. J. (2016). Climate change in the urban environment: Advancing, measuring and achieving resiliency. Environmental Science & Policy, 66, 310-313.- North, P., Nurse, A., & Barker, T. (2017). The neoliberalisation of climate? Progressing climate policy under austerity urbanism. Environment and Planning A, 49(8), 1797-1815.- Paszkowski, Z. W., & Golebiewski, J. I. (2017). The Renewable Energy City within the City. The Climate Change Oriented Urban Design-Szczecin Green Island. Energy Procedia, 115, 423-430. FundingThere is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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