واکاوی مفهوم محله در محلات تاریخی ایران مبتنی بر اصول نوشهرسازی
آرشیو
چکیده
مقدمه: حافظت از محلات تاریخی ایران باوجود ارزش های غنی، یکی از چالش های اساسی درزمینه شهرسازی است.باتوجه به تغییرات ساختاری،کالبدی و...در بافت های تاریخی در دوران معاصر و در نتیجه تضعیف روابط اجتماعی درون محلات،این مساله،خود را به مثابه یکی از چالش های جدی پیش روی برنامه ریزان شهری نشان داد.این چالش، نیاز به بازآفرینی محلات براساس مکتب نوشهرسازی و احیای هویت تاریخی آن ها را مطرح می کند.هدف پژوهش: هدف، واکاوی مفهوم محله در محلات تاریخی ایران مبتنی بر اصول نوشهرسازی است که از نوع بنیادی بوده و برای دستیابی به مفاهیم اصلی مرتبط با بازتولید مفهوم محله در مکتب نوشهرسازی،بررسی ویژگی های آن از طریق بازخوانی و تحلیل مطالعات موجود ضروری است.روش شناسی: روش تحقیق، کیفی و مبتنی بر تکنیک های مرور نظام مند، مطالعه تطبیقی و روش پژوهش اِسنادی استفاده شد. یافته ها و بحث: در راستای هدف اصلی، دو هدف فرعی مطرح شد:1)استخراج اصول شهرسازی در محلات تاریخی ایران و مقایسه آن ها با اصول نوشهرسازی.با استفاده از مرورسیستماتیک،قواعد شهرسازی در محلات تاریخی ایران بر اساس اصول مکتب اصفهان تعریف و سپس مفهوم محله در گذشته و حال بر اساس6متغیر مقایسه شدند.متغیرها؛شامل:مفهوم، تعریف، جایگاه، ساختار هندسی،عنصر شاخص و اصول شکل دهنده بودند.2)از مرور سیستماتیک و روش تحلیل مضمون و با کمک روش اِسنادی به منظور مقایسه تطبیقی این اصول باهم، تعداد 10 شاخص استخراج گردید که نشان دهنده هم پوشانی این اصول بایکدیگر میباشد که عبارتند از: پیوستگی، مرکزیت و قلمرو محله اى، پیوند میان شبکه راه های بین شهری با شبکه گذرهای اصلی محلات، سلسله مراتب دسترسی، سلسله مراتب فضایی، انعطاف پذیرى ساختارکالبدی، ساختاراجتماعى قوی ،پایداری و معماری با هویت .نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که اصول نوشهرسازی شباهت های زیادی با اصول شهرسازی در محلات تاریخی ایران دارند و این تشابهات منجر به استخراج اصول ده گانه شد که تداعی اصول شهرسازی بومی و ایرانی است.در نتیجه می توان به محله ای دست یافت که با احیاء میراث به جامانده، هویت تاریخی و متعاقب آن هویت ایرانی- اسلامی خود را علاوه براینکه حفظ می-نماید، ویژگی های محله های معاصر را با توجه به نیاز امروز ساکنان آن طراحی و برنامه ریزی می کند.Exploration Of the Neighborhood Concept in Historical Neighborhoods in Iran Based on the principles of New Urbanism
Protecting Iran's historical neighborhoods, despite the unique cultural and historical values they contain, has always been one of the biggest challenges in the field of urban planning and re-urbanization. Since a significant part of the city's history is manifested in the body of historical tissues, and in the contemporary era, due to structural, physical, social changes, etc., there have been social and physical changes in the fabric of historical neighborhoods and social relations that have been in the city for many years. It was formed in the past, weakened and destroyed, this issue has caused the critical situation in the present era to show itself as one of the serious challenges facing urban planners.This challenge raises the need to recreate the neighborhoods based on the new urbanism school and revive their historical identity.The aim of the current research is to reproduce the concept of neighborhood in the historical neighborhoods of Iran based on the principles of new urbanism. The purpose of the research is fundamental, and in order to achieve the main concepts related to the reproduction of the neighborhood concept in the doctrine of new urbanism, it is necessary to examine its characteristics through rereading and analyzing existing studies.Methodology: The research method of this research is qualitative and based on systematic review techniques, comparative study and documentary research method. Findings and Discussion: In order to achieve the main goal, two sub-goals were proposed: the first goal was to extract the principles of urban planning used in the context of historical neighborhoods of Iran and the similarities and differences of the extracted principles with the principles of new urban planning. In this way, using a systematic and systematic review method, the rules of urban planning in the context of historical neighborhoods of Iran were defined based on the principles of the Isfahan doctrine in urban planning, and then in line with these principles, the concept of neighborhood in the historical contexts of Iran in the past and present based on Six variables were compared. The six variables are: concept, definition, position, geometrical structure, indicator element and shaping principles. From the systematic review of the principles of the Isfahan school in the historical neighborhoods of Iran with the principles of new urban development, a number of 10 indicators were extracted, which shows the commonalities and overlapping of these principles with each other, which covers the second objective of the research. From the systematic review of the principles of the Isfahan school in the historical neighborhoods of Iran with the principles of new urban development, a number of 10 indicators were extracted, which shows the commonalities and overlapping of these principles with each other, which covers the second objective of the research. These ten principles are: Continuity (linking the city center with neighborhood centers), centrality and neighborhood territory, connection between the network of intercity roads and the network of main crossings of neighborhoods, hierarchy of access, hierarchy of space, flexibility of physical structure. , strong social structure of the neighborhoods, sustainability and architecture and urban design with quality and identity.The results showed that the principles of New Urbanism have many similarities with the structure and principles of urban planning in the historical areas of Iran, and these similarities led to the extraction of the ten principles mentioned, which on the one hand evoke the principles of native and Iranian urban planning, and on the other hand, look to the future. and will consider the needs of the contemporary period. Therefore, the redesign of neighborhoods can be as follows; Neighborhoods should be dense, pedestrianized and have mixed use. It should also focus on a specific use and, if possible, the neighborhood design principles should be based on a specific use of the neighborhood. Most of people's daily activities should be considered within walking distance. The street network should be designed in such a way that residents are encouraged to walk and the number of trips is reduced to save energy. Every neighborhood should have a specific territory with a neighborhood center and people of different age, race and income level should live in residential buildings with suitable size and price. Installing public transportation stations should be considered instead of using cars.
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