واکاوی تحقق پذیری پایداری سکونتگاه ها در برنامه های آمایش استانی مناطق کمتر توسعه یافته با رویکرد RBM (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تبیین نتایج «برنامه های آمایشی» به عنوان محصول برنامه ریزی فضایی با «پایداری سکونتگاه ها» به عنوان محصول پایداری و توسعه پایدار با رویکردهای جدید یک مسئله جدی است. در این پژوهش، محور اقتصاد با رویکرد RBM موردنظر است. هدف، قابلیت دستیابی به پایداری سکونتگاه ها با تأکید بر رشد اقتصادی و اشتغال پایدار از طریق برنامه های آمایش استانی در مناطق کمتر توسعه یافته است. طرح این پژوهش، ترکیبی متوالی است؛ و روش کمی- کیفی در دو فاز انجام خواهد شد؛ در فاز اول با مرور نظام مند پژوهش های پیشین و تحلیل محتوای کیفی جهت دار اسناد برنامه های آمایش استان های مناطق کمتر توسعه یافته منتخب پژوهش، ارکان و عوامل پایداری سکونتگاه ها استخراج شد. در فاز بعدی اعتبار ارکان و عوامل و نیز رابطه متقابل آن ها و بازتاب محتوایی و عملی آن ها در اسناد برنامه های آمایش استان ه از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان و تحلیل محتوای تلخیصی این مصاحبه واکاوی شد. برآیند نتایج تحلیل، تناظری موجه میان سطوح فضایی و مؤلفه های مذکور پایداری سکونتگاه ها، با ماهیت سطوح سه گانه خروجی، پیامد و اثر را نشان می دهد. با بزرگترشدن سطح فضایی سکونتگاه ها ضریب نفوذ نتایج برنامه های توسعه در طول زمان کاهش می یابد و از «اثر» به «خروجی» میل می کند.Analyzing the Feasibility of the of Settlements Sustainability in the Provincial Spatial Plans of Less Developed Regions through the RBM Approach
The relationship between "spatial plans" as products of spatial planning and "settlement sustainability" as an outcome of sustainable development presents a significant challenge. This issue is critical in theoretical and scientific domains and requires exploration through innovative approaches. Given the simplicity of the sustainability concept, this research emphasizes an economic perspective, employing the Results-Based Management (RBM) approach. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of settlement sustainability by focusing on economic growth and sustainable employment through provincial spatial plans in less developed regions. The research design follows a sequential approach and employs a mixed quantitative-qualitative methodology conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a document review of previous studies identified the pillars and factors of settlement sustainability. In the second phase, the validity of these pillars and factors, as well as their interrelationships were analyzed. This analysis also examined their content and practical reflection within the provincial spatial plans of selected less developed regions. Semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted, and a summative content analysis approach was applied.The findings reveal a clear correspondence between spatial levels and settlement sustainability factors, aligning with the three levels of results: output, outcome, and effect. As the spatial scale of settlements increases, the influence of development plan results diminishes over time, transitioning from "effect" to "output."Keywords: Spatial planning, Provincial Spatial Plan, Settlements Sustainability, RBM, Less Developed Regions. Extended AbstractIntroductionGiven the shared theoretical foundations of spatial planning and the principles of sustainable development (Mastop, 1997; Albrechts, 2017), it is essential to analyze spatial plans as outputs of spatial planning in relation to settlement sustainability as an outcome of sustainable development. Considering the simplicity of the sustainability concept and the focus of spatial plans in Iran, where economic aspects are more prominent, this research prioritizes economic growth and sustainable employment. In this context, most models proposed for sustainable development aim to maximize community benefits by prioritizing less developed regions (Sherafati et al., 2019). Furthermore, contemporary planning approaches that integrate evaluation and monitoring have gained increasing attention. Consequently, this research adopts a novel Results-Based Management (RBM) approach to assess the feasibility of sustainable settlements in less developed regions.Literature ReviewThe greatest challenge facing planning sciences is transforming planning theory and practice to positively contribute to sustainable development (Edwards, 2005). In evaluating spatial plans in Iran, few studies establish a substantive connection to the principles of sustainable development. Most research in this area focuses on procedural aspects, particularly the failure to implement these plans effectively from a general perspective (Sharifzadegan et al., 2000). Regarding the feasibility of settlement sustainability, much of the research has concentrated on single dimensions, such as climate, technology, or housing (Tourk, 2011; Smeddle, 2016). In the domain of spatial planning and settlement sustainability, existing studies often emphasize specific elements of spatial planning, such as transportation or land use (Shekar et al., 2019), or limit their focus to specific spatial levels, such as villages (Ghanbari, 2020). Additionally, these studies rarely address the feasibility of settlement sustainability in response to overarching policy frameworks like spatial plans. Consequently, insufficient attention has been given to the feasibility of settlement sustainability with a focus on economic growth and sustainable employment in less developed regions of Iran through provincial spatial planning. This highlights a significant gap in analyzing and explaining the outcomes of spatial planning in relation to sustainability, particularly in the context of settlement sustainability emphasizing economic growth and sustainable employment.MethodologyThis research adopts a combined inductive-deductive approach. The methodology integrates quantitative and qualitative techniques across two phases. In the first phase, a "documentary review" was conducted to identify the elements and factors underlying the main concepts, including "settlement sustainability" and "provincial spatial plans." In the second phase, planning documents from four provinces within the target area—less developed regions—were selected for detailed analysis. To assess the validity of the identified elements and factors, as well as their content and practical reflection in provincial spatial plans, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and elites. Participants were selected using "purposive stratified sampling" to achieve theoretical saturation and data adequacy (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009). The interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, facilitated by ATLAS.ti software. The analysis resulted in networks of connections between codes, providing the researcher with a comprehensive understanding of the pillars and factors of settlement sustainability and their representation within the reviewed documents.ResultsThe first result of the analysis was the formation of a network of codes that defined the dimensions of sustainability. Subsequently, nine components with a predominant economic focus in the sustainability of settlements were identified based on expert opinions. These nine components were extracted from a total of 18 components derived from theoretical and empirical sources, including theses, articles, books, and national and international reports on settlement sustainability. Following this, conceptual networks linking spatial levels and economic components were developed. These networks categorized the results of the plans into three levels: output, outcome, and impact, highlighting the varying influences of the economic components across spatial levels.ConclusionIn addition to the widely recognized economic, social, and environmental dimensions found in theoretical literature, the macro-level sustainability framework also confirms the existence of conceptual relationships with two additional dimensions: institutional-political and spatial-physical. The spatial levels and nine economic components of settlement sustainability demonstrate a reasonable alignment with the three-tier framework of results: output, outcome, and impact. As the spatial level of settlements increases, the penetration coefficient of development plan outcomes diminishes over time, transitioning from "impact" to "output."
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