وظایف حکومت دینی در قبال مسجد به مثابه حق فرهنگی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
به رغم تبیین حق های فرهنگی ذیل مباحث حقوق بشر، به جهت تکیه بر ابعاد مادی وجود انسان در تعریف آن، شاهد عدم توجه به شناسایی این حقوق در قالب ابعاد معنوی انسان هستیم. این در حالی است که با توجه به ارتباط وثیق حق های فرهنگی با مفهوم «فرهنگ پیشرو»، ضروری است تا ابعاد دیگری از این حقوق در حوزه اعتقادات، ارزش ها و رفتارها مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد. از این منظر و با نگرش حقوقی، نهاد مسجد به عنوان یکی از مصادیق در گستره حق های فرهنگی، مورد واکای قرار گرفت. در این رویکرد این سؤال مطرح شد که مسجد به مثابه «حق فرهنگی» چگونه قابل تعریف است؟ بر مبنای اسناد بالادستی در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران وظایف حکومت دینی در این عرصه چیست؟ در این مطالعه توصیفی و تحلیلی با استفاده از روش کتابخانه ای و تحلیل اسناد، چهار سند از اسناد بالادستی در جهت تعیین وظایف دولت در تأمین این حق فرهنگی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش، بر مبنای هدف فرهنگ پیشرو و با توجه به کارکردهای فرهنگی مسجد، نه تنها حق فرهنگی بشر در حوزه اعتقاد، گرایش و رفتار به واسط مسجد تأمین خواهد شد. بلکه این حق خود درنهایت منجر به تأمین حق های فرهنگی دیگری از قبیل حق بر مذهب و عقیده، حق بر سنت ها و ... خواهد شد.Duties of a religious government towards mosque as a cultural right
The cultural rights that emerged after the emerging socialisms in the concept of human rights and the failures caused by the imposition and the dominance of foreign development patterns with the cultures of societies was put on the agenda, It is based on the basic point that the concept of right should not be searched only in the individual fields and basic civil and political freedoms. Rather, because of the spiritual aspect of human life and sometimes giving it authenticity, and with the premise that without addressing this aspect of the existential dimensions of human society, It is not possible to develop society and develop moral virtues in it And more attention should be paid to it.In fact, to achieve this goal, creating a harmonious relationship between components such as belief, tendency and behavior based on monotheistic belief And defining culture as a set of these three components with "cultural rights" is essential. Because culture is the most authentic social reality that is formed under the influence of other realities. One of these facts that strongly affects culture is government or political power. In particular, governments, both in terms of propagating ideals and goals of official ideology and in terms of the necessity of achieving their political goals and objectives, and also in terms of new functions such as planning and implementation, control and supervision of They take over the culture.In other words, the government's duties are not limited to providing individual rights and needs Rather, the duties of the government, which is itself a manifestation of a social and political right, It will include the protection of culture as a common knowledge whose underlying layers are mainly the insights and values of a nation which can be realized in the form and tool of "cultural rights". Cultural affairs have an irreplaceable place in the Islamic legal system And the Islamic government, in addition to respecting the material rights of the citizens and ensuring their welfare and livelihood, is obliged to respect the cultural rights of the members of the society And he should use all his efforts to protect the spiritual atmosphere and promote the cultural health of the society.In such an atmosphere, the religious government cannot and should not be indifferent to the central position of mosques as the most effective cultural institution based on monotheistic belief in order to implement and establish the "cultural rights" of citizens. Because mosques, while having cultural capacities for the development of moral virtues, are the basis for the realization of cultural rights in its examples, such as the right to religion, cultural participation, the right to religious identity, the right to education, the right to different religions. They are respected in performing rituals.Based on the necessity of identifying and explaining "mosque as a cultural right", in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question that, despite the lack of clarification by the legislator on the position of "mosque as a cultural right", the duties and obligations of the religious government in relation to How can it be proven to implement and guarantee this type of cultural rights? The importance of answering this question and researching the position of the mosque under "cultural rights" is significant from two aspects; The first aspect can be described in the explanation and introduction of the "cultural right to the mosque" from the circle of "cultural rights". On the other hand, due to the focus of existing researches on the material dimensions of "cultural rights", especially with regard to the international human rights system, it is important to calculate the spiritual dimensions of this category of rights in the domestic legal system.The research strategy in this article is a combined strategy and depending on each topic of the article, it has been tried to use the appropriate research method. For more focus and coherence, two main methods of "library studies" and "content analysis of documents" were used and four documents from upstream documents were examined in order to determine the duties of the government in securing this cultural right.Based on the findings of the research, based on the goal of progressive culture and considering the cultural functions of the mosque, not only the human cultural right in the field of belief, tendency and behavior will be ensured through the mosque. Rather, this right itself will eventually lead to securing other cultural rights such as the right to religion and belief, the right to traditions and other rights. Also, regarding the duties of the religious government in the way of securing cultural rights, although the constitution implicitly refers to manifestations of culture, but according to the first paragraph of the third principle of the constitution, it should be said; Organization of culture by the government is part of the social rights of the people over the statesmen. This duty for the government regarding the position of the mosque institution as a cultural right will be realized through policy making in this field. This duty for the government regarding the position of the mosque institution as a cultural right will be realized through policy making in this field. Of course, this policy-making was not considered hierarchical and only within the scope of the government's duties, and it was largely formed based on people's participation. In fact, the government's intervention in securing this cultural right is not maximal and it has moved towards semi-centralized policy making.
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