رویکردهای حکومت پیرامون خط مشی گذاری مسجد در جمهوری اسلامی ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از واقعیت هایی که فرهنگ و نهادهای فرهنگی همانند مساجد را به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد قدرت سیاسی یا حکومت است که در این زمینه بحث اصلی تعیین حدودوثغور ظهور و بروز حکومت در حوزه مسجد می باشد. در این راستا هدف مقاله مذکور ارائه رویکردهای حکومت پیرامون خط مشی گذاری مسجد در جمهوری اسلامی ایران می باشد. در این راستا تلاش شده با استفاده از روش کیفی و با استفاده از 34 مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان مسجد بر اساس نمونه گیری هدفمند و مبتنی بر روش تحلیل مضمون، رویکردهای مذکور احصا گردند. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که حکومت می بایست چهار رویکرد حمایتی، ضمانتی، نظارتی و اقتضایی را ملاک عمل خود در حوزه مساجد قرار دهد. در رویکرد حمایتی اقداماتی مانند پیش بینی و اختصاص زمین رایگان به مردم جهت احداث مساجد، رایگان نمودن هزینه های آب، برق و گاز مساجد، اختصاص و تأمین بودجه برای مساجد، تأمین معیشت امامان جماعت و خدام، طراحی و ساخت مساجد، تهیه آمار و سرانه دقیق مساجد، ناظر به رویکرد ضمانتی فعالیت هایی مانند تصویب قوانین و مقررات پیرامون مساجد، کاهش روند بروکراتیک پیرامون مساجد، لحاظ نمودن مالیات مردم به مساجد توسط حکومت، پیرامون رویکرد نظارتی و اقتضایی نیز اقداماتی شامل نظارت در مسائل ساختاری مساجد و توجه به اقتضائات زمانی و مکانی حائز اهمیت می باشد. در این زمینه باید اشاره نمود که رویکرد اقتضایی به مثابه چتر حاکم بر سایر رویکردهاست که بر اساس شرایط زمانی-مکانی و نیز سنخ و گونه شناسی مساجد سایر رویکردها را تحت الشعاع خود قرار می دهد.government approaches regarding the mosque policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Introduction: One of the realities that strongly affects culture and cultural institutions such as mosques is the political power or government, and in this context, the main discussion is determining the limits and gaps for the emergence and emergence of government in the domain of the mosque. It seems that the need to conduct applied research in the field of policy making and administration of mosques is more important than ever, because other issues related to mosques have been affected by the political and management affairs of these religious institutions, and perhaps the transformation and change of the policy making process will lead to reform. Other fields and areas should be in the area of mosques. In this regard, the aim of the mentioned article is to present the approaches of the government regarding the mosque policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Methods:Based on the theme analysis process, descriptive coding was done by reading the interviews written by the researcher line by line, and based on this, descriptive themes were assigned to the sections of the interviews. After descriptive coding, by continuously comparing the descriptive codes several times, and by combining them, interpretation codes were produced that showed the interpretation of several descriptive themes in the form of an interpretive theme. These interpretive codes were sometimes one of the descriptive codes under which a number of other descriptive codes were placed, and with interpretive modifications, they became comprehensive of the meanings of the codes under their collection, or it was a new interpretive code that the researcher created to consolidate the meaning of several descriptive codes. was producing By continuing to compare and analyze the interpretative themes, finally, the experts' views on the government's approaches to the mosque policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran were counted, in which the support, guarantee, monitoring and contingency approaches were explained as the organizing themes. In the support approach, actions such as predicting and allocating free land to people for building mosques, freeing water, electricity and gas costs for mosques, allocating and providing funds for mosques, providing livelihood for imams and khudams, designing and building mosques, preparing statistics and accurate per capita of mosques, looking at the guarantee approach of activities such as the approval of laws and regulations around mosques, reducing the bureaucratic process around mosques, the inclusion of people's taxes to mosques by the government, regarding the supervisory and contingency approach, and measures including monitoring the structural issues of mosques and paying attention to Time and place requirements are important.Results: The descriptive results obtained from the collected data show that in the age group variable, 48.7% of the respondents are from 18 to 22 years old, 31.3% from 22 to 25 years old, 7.3% from 25 to 30 years old and 17% are more than 30 years old. have Regarding the library membership variable, 24% of the respondents are members of the university library, 28.7% are members of city libraries, 10% are members of other libraries and 37.3% are not members of any library. Regarding the level of education, it should be noted that 77.7% of the respondents They are in bachelor's degree and 22.3% are in master's degree. Also, 30.3% of respondents are employed and 69.7% are unemployed. Regarding the marital status, the collected data shows that 71.7% of the respondents are single and 28.3% are married. The results showed that in the field of economic factors, the components of "Amount of personal capital", "Amount of monthly salary" in the field of cultural factors are "tendency to the literature, history and culture of the country", "a person's educational qualification" and "participation in cultural and artistic exhibitions" and in the field of management factors, the components "organization of cultural actions in the society", "inconsistency of cultural management in the society" and "Monitoring the performance of cultural institutions" is the most important influencing factor in promoting the reading culture in the society from the perspective of Tehrani students. The findings from the data analysis showed that the managerial and cultural factors related to the promotion of reading culture in the study community were evaluated as favorable (good), but from the students' point of view, the economic factor as one of the influencing factors in the reading culture is relatively favorable (to the extent medium) were considered. In other words, managerial, cultural and economic factors were studied, respectively, among the effective factors on promoting the reading culture in the society.
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