بررسی ویژگی های گونه شرقی زبان فارسی در شیرین و خسرو امیرخسرو دهلوی در مقایسه با خسرو و شیرین نظامی گنجوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سروده های امیرخسرو دهلوی سرشار از ویژگی های تمایزبخش زبانی است که برخی از آن ها را می توان با گونه شرقی زبان فارسی مرتبط شمرد. امیرخسرو دهلوی و نظامی برخاسته از دو دوره زمانی و دو ناحیه جغرافیایی متفاوت شرق و شمال غرب ایران هستند. پرسش اصلی این است که برجسته ترین ویژگی های زبانی نمودیافته در شیرین و خسرو امیرخسرو دهلوی کدام است و تا چه حد می توان تفاوت های زبانی شیرین و خسرو و خسرو و شیرین را به تفاوت های شرق و غرب قلمرو زبان فارسی نسبت داد. یافته های پژوهش، نشانگر وجود ارتباط معناداری میان برخی از ویژگی های زبانی خاص این دو منظومه و ناحیه جغرافیایی سرایندگان آن ها است. به نظر نگارندگان، این تمایزها، اغلب به حوزه های آوایی و واژگانی زبان مرتبط اند و کمتر با نحو و جمله بندی ارتباط دارند. از میان ویژگی های آوایی و واژگانی، می توان به حذف صامت آغازین «ن»، کاربرد نون ساکن پیش از فعل ربطی «است»، سکون یا حرکت یافتن برخی از حرف ها، و کاربرد خاص «ایستاد» در شعر امیرخسرو دهلوی اشاره کرد که در شعر نظامی دیده نمی شود. نیز باید از لغت های «ته» به معنای زیر، «فرویش»، «توی/ تو»، «خله»، «گواران»، «پیش افتاد»، «هر همه»، «خیرباد» و «پیچاک» یاد کرد که زبان امیرخسرو دهلوی را از زبان نظامی متمایز می کند.The Analysis of Linguistic Features of Eastern Variety of Persian Language in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi’s Shirin and Khosrow in comparison with Nizami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin
Works of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi are full of distinctive linguistic features that some of them can be related to Eastern Variety of Persian Language. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and Nizami came from two different periods of time and geographical environments; East and Northwest of Iran. This paper tries to answer these main questions that what are the most prominent linguistic features of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi’s Shirin and Khosrow and to what extent these linguistic differences between Shirin and Khosrow and Khosrow and Shirin can be attributed to the East and the West of Persian language territory. Research findings show a significant relationship between some specific linguistic features in the poems and geographical environments of their composers. For authors, these distinctions are often related to the phonetics and vocabulary and are less related to syntax and phrasing. For instance, the Elision of the initial consonant "Nun", the use of "Nun Sākin" before the relative verb "ast", sukoon or Harekat of some letters, and the specific use of "Istad" can be seen in Amir Khosrow's poetry and is absent in Nizami's poetry. We can also mention the words "Tah" which means "under", "Farvēš", "Tu/Tuy","Xale", "Govārān", "Piš oftād", "Har Hame", "Xeyrbād" and "Pičāk". Keywords: Nizami Ganjavi, Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, Khosrow and Shirin, Shirin and Khosrow, Linguistic Varieties, Stylistics Introduction: Among the common methods for naming and classifying poetic styles, naming based on historical time and geographical environment is very common. By considering two main factors including the time and place of texts, their linguistic features can be compared with each other. In the present article, we have focused on the linguistic characteristics of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and sought to find the most prominent linguistic differences between him and Nizami, which belongs to two different geographical areas. Materials & Methods: The current research is a textual analysis which uses both quantitative content analysis and computational methods. The descriptive-analytical method will be used for text-analysis. This means that in some parts where the introduction, terminology and background of the research are stated, the descriptive method is used. Furthermore, whenever evidence is brought from the text and the words of other researchers is quoted, the descriptive method is followed. In addition, there are some parts that deal with the analysis of available data and findings, in order to reviewing, comparing and concluding them. In these sections, analytical method will be used. For the purpose of information gathering, authoritative sources including books, magazines, and online published papers and articles are resorted. Discussion & Result: In the current research, studying the linguistic features of poems consists of two sections; phonetics and vocabulary. In doing so, some specific pronunciations will be studied in the works of Amir Kosrow Dehlavi and Nizami Ganjavi who lived in two different environments. Secondly, the lexical features will be sought. In this case, some particular vocabulary may be found that originated from the mentioned areas. The research findings show that there is a meaningful relation between the linguistic features of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi (at the phonological and lexical level) and his geographical environment. Conclusion: Examining the linguistic features of Shirin and Khosrow in comparison with Khosrow and Shirin, some linguistic differences were obtained that can be related to the geographical differences between the two varieties of Persian language; Eastern and Northwestern. Among the phonetic features of Shirin and Khosrow, we can mention the Elision of the initial consonant "Nun", the use of "Nun Sākin" before the relative verb "ast", sukoon or Harekat of some letters. Also, some words in the poetry of Amir Khosrow and Nizami have different meanings. For example, the different use and meaning of “kūb”, “āšām” and “nifeh
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