تحلیل «گستاخی با حق تعالی» در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت عطار و مولوی با تکیه بر «نظریه نفی و اثبات» (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش به تحلیل مفهوم «گستاخی با حق تعالی» در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت عطار و مولوی می پردازد. بنیان نظری پژوهش براساس نظریه عرفانی «نفی و اثبات» است. این پژوهش که با روشی توصیفی تحلیلی تدوین یافته، برآ نست تا به استناد شواهد موجود در آثار عطار و مولوی و با تکیه بر نظریه «نفی و اثبات»، به تحلیل تناقض موجود از مفهوم گستاخی با خدا در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت منطق الطیر و مثنوی پرداخته، تفسیر درستی جهت شناخت دیدگاه این دو عارف ارائه دهد.اگرچه مقایسه مفهوم گستاخی در روایت منطق الطیر با مثنوی از داستان یادشده، گویای آن است که دو روایت، از گفتمان واحدی پیروی نمی کنند، چنان که روایت عطار دلالت بر نیکوداشت گستاخی با خداوند و روایت مولوی تأکید بر نکوهش او دارد؛ اما با بررسی گستاخی در کلّیت آثار هر دو عارف می توان دریافت که دیدگاه هم سویی دارند. یعنی حال گستاخی با خدا در نگرش عطار و مولوی در دو ساحت انعکاس دارد: نخست در ساحت عبودیت که نکوهیده و درخور نفی است. دوم در ساحت عشق که نیکو و درخور اثبات است؛ ازاین رو تفاوت روایت عطار با مولوی از داستانی واحد، نشانه اختلاف دیدگاه شان نیست، بلکه نشانه اهتمام شان به پرداختن وجهی از وجوه متفاوت گستاخی است.Analysis of insolence towards God Almighty in the story of Amid Khorasan narrated by Attar and Rumi based on the theory of negation and affirmation
Present study aims at analyzing the concept of insolence towards Almighty in the story of Amid Khorasan, narrated by Attar and Rumi. The theory of negation and affirmation is the research’s theoretical basis. This study, which is conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, aims to analyze the contradiction of insolence towards God in the story of Amid Khorasan narrated by the Conference of the birds and Masnavi. Finally, it provides a correct interpretation of Attar’s and Rumi’s viewpoints using the evidence in their works, and the theory of negation and affirmation.The concept of insolence in the narration of the Conference of the birds and Masnavi does not follow the same discourse, since Attar's narration praises the insolence towards God and Rumi's blames it. In total, both poets have common approaches towards insolence in their works. It means insolence towards God is reflected in Attar’s and Rumi’s view in two states. While insolence is reprehensible in the servantship state, it is praiseworthy in the love state. Therefore, the difference between Attar's and Rumi's narration of the same story does not mean their attitudes are different, but rather it shows that they try to address a facet of different aspects of insolence. Keywords: Insolence towards God, the story of Amid Khorasan, the theory of negation and affirmation, Attar, Rumi. Introduction Present study aims at analyzing the concept of insolence towards Almighty in the story of Amid Khorasan, narrated by Attar and Rumi. The theory of negation and affirmation is the research’s theoretical basis. The concept of insolence in the narration of the Conference of the birds and Masnavi does not follow the same discourse, since Attar's narration praises the insolence towards God and Rumi's blames it. In total, both poets have common approaches towards insolence in their works. It means insolence towards God is reflected in Attar’s and Rumi’s view in two states. While insolence is reprehensible in the servantship state, it is praiseworthy in the love state. Therefore, the difference between Attar's and Rumi's narrations of the same story does not mean their attitudes are different, but rather it shows that they try to address a facet of different aspects of insolence. Literature, method and aim of the research Although no independent study has been conducted about insolence towards God in Islamic mysticism, the aforementioned concept has appeared implicitly in some mystical studies. For example, Hellmut Ritter (1995) in the 10th chapter of the book the Ocean of the Soul, describes the assertiveness which the crazy-wise men make towards God in the works of Attar. Hossein Arian (2006) in his article Craziness and pretending to be crazy in Mystical Literature briefly refers to the assertiveness of crazy-wise men towards God. Fatemeh Modarresi (2007) in her study Theophanic locutions of the mystic and insolence of the crazy-man in Attar's Masnavis states that the insolence of the crazy-men reflects the material tensions arising from the injustices ruling the society. Parsa Yaqoubi (2011) in the article Breaking taboos in mystical texts considers some words of mystics such as Arguing with God as examples of taboo breaking. Mehdi Rezaei (2013) in a part of the article Examination and analysis of the mystical boasting, deals with some boastings in which there are a comparison between a servant and God, and sometimes the superiority of the servant over God. This study, which is conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, aims to analyze the contradiction of insolence towards God in the story of Amid Khorasan narrated by the Attar and Rumi, and provides a correct interpretation of their viewpoints using the theory of negation and affirmation. Discussion This part is divided into two general parts. The first part deals with Insolence in Attar's viewpoint, which has four subdivisions. The first subdivision which is called the insolence negation approach, deals with the evidence i
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