سیر تطور شخصیت روایی روباه در حکایت های حیوانات از قرن 3تا قرن 9 هجری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کاربرد حکایت های حیوانات در طول زمان به دلایل اجتماعی، تاریخی، نظام های گفتمانی یا خلاقیت راویان آنها با تغییر و تطور در مؤلفه های ساختاری همراه بوده است. این مقاله در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که شخصیت روباه در حکایت های قرن 3 تا 9 چه تغییراتی داشته و این تغییر چه تأثیری بر سیر روایی حکایت داشته است. برای دستیابی به این هدف 33 حکایت از 18 کتاب در بازه زمانی ذکر شده، انتخاب و بر اساس دیدگاه کلی روایت شناسان ساختارگرا به ویژه آراء برمون بررسی شده است. روباه در حکایت ها در مقابل سایر شخصیت ها نقشی فعال و محوری دارد و سیر تحولی را از شخصیت منفی به مثبت طی می کند. در برخی ازکتب قرن ششم با تفاوت هایی در شخصیت روباه روبه رو می شویم. در برخی از حکایت ها روباه حیله گر و منفعت طلب گاهی به چهره ای چاره اندیش، عاقل و فریب خورده تبدیل شده و در برخی مواقع نیز حیله گری ناجی می شود. این حیوان متأثر از جریان عرفان و تصوف بیشتر به ارزش های درونی پی می برد؛ همچنین از صورت حیوانی فاصله گرفته و عهده دار نقش های انسانی مانند وزارت و نگهبانی می-شود.The evolution of the narrative character of the fox in animal stories from the 3rd to the 9th century
The application of fables over time to social and historical places, discourse systems or the creativity of their narrators have been associated with changes and developments in structural components. This article seeks to answer the question of what changes the character of the fox has had in the tales of the 3rd to 9th centuries and what effect this change has had on the story's narrative.33 anecdotes from 19 books have been selected from the 3rd to the 9th century and analyzed based on the general view of structuralist narratologists Especially Bermon's ideas. Most of the stories start from a state of imbalance. The fox not only plays an active and pivotal role in the stories, against other characters (rooster, duck, crow, wolf, lion, and snake); but also undergoes a transformation from a negative to a positive personality. In some books of the 6th century, we are faced with differences in the character of the fox, and the cunning and self-interested fox sometimes turns into a resourceful, wise and deceived figure, and sometimes becomes a cunning savior. This animal, influenced by the flow of mysticism and Sufism, realizes more inner values; Also, he distanced himself from the animal form and took on human roles such as ministry and guarding. Keywords: Narrative-structuralist, fable, evolution character, fox, Claud Bremond Introduction Allegory in stories is a reflection of the discourse system and dominant thought in the society. The creativity of the narrators creates interesting changes in the narrative according to the discourse space and personal goals and beliefs. According to the author's class level and the target society, the stories can be a reflection of the court power structure, represent mystical ideas and concepts, or introduce the common people in moral and cultural fields. The animal character represented in the stories undergoes a transformation due to several factors, both in speech and behavior, in relation to other animals or humans in the story, and in the communication of symbolic themes. The fox is one of the most used characters in Iranian fables. Obviously, this character represented in the course of Iranian discourse developments is the same in some of its characteristics and with changes in others. Despite numerous researches, the development of animal characters in the historical course has not been discussed so far. Because animal characters, including the fox, are an allegory of groups and people with mentality and attitude and social classes. The importance of this research is that it can determine the course of thinking through the allegory of animal characters. Materials and method Anecdotes have many examples. In this article, the statistical population is limited to seven centuries from the 3rd to the 9th century. The books in which the stories of animals are used were reviewed and the stories in which the fox plays a role were extracted. In total, about 19 books and 32 anecdotes with the character of the fox were obtained. Due to the fact that structuralism pays attention to its structural components and its function and also considers extratextual components, structuralist narratology was used for analysis, and among them, Claude Bermon's theories on the analysis of the narrative course of the story and the function of the character of the fox It was used in the story. In the course of history, according to different discourses and personal taste and style of Poets and writers, the social roles and characteristics of the fox have been analyzed and by comparing the data, the changes in the personality of the fox have been investigated. Discussion According to Bermon's theory, the initial state, change and transformation and the state resulting from the transformation can be seen in the stories of animals in which the fox plays a role. This animal character plays a central role in all the stories with his speech and actions. Fox's characters traits can be seen in its intelligence and tact
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