بررسی بن مایه های اسطوره ای آب در داستان های شفاهی مازندران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
داستان های عامه سرشار از باورهای اسطوره ای است، به همین دلیل درک و دریافت پیرنگ و علت وقایع در این داستان ها کمی پیچیده است و لازمه درک درست آنها آگاهی از باورهای کهن و آیین های اساطیری است. محتوای بسیاری از داستان های شفاهی مازندران را اندیشه ها و باورهای اسطوره ای تشکیل می دهد. نگارندگان در این جستار سعی دارند به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، بن مایه های اساطیری مرتبط با آب را در این داستان ها مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار دهند و به این پرسش پاسخ دهند که عناصر اساطیری مرتبط با ایزدبانوی آب در داستان های شفاهی مازندران چگونه نمود پیدا کرده است. پس از بررسی پنج جلد داستان های شفاهی مازندران روشن شد مؤلفه هایی نظیر گذر از رودخانه، مسدود شدن آب رودخانه ها به وسیله اژدها و نبرد قهرمانان با اژدها، قربانی شدن دختران و به دنبال آن آزاد شدن آب ها، ازدواج قهرمانان با دختران پادشاهان، حسادت نسبت به شخصیت اول داستان و توطئه برای قتل او، حضور اسب آبی یا دریایی، روییده شدن گیاه از خون، خارج شدن شخصیت اول داستان برای یافتن همسری خارج از سرزمین مادری خود، پیوند میان ایزدان نگهبان آب و ایزدبانوی باروری و ارتباط پری و چشمه، از مضامین اصلی داستان های شفاهی مازندران است که همگی ریشه در باور و آیین های اساطیری دارند.A Study of Mythical Motifs of Water in the Oral Stories of Mazandaran
Folk tales are replete with mythical beliefs, which is why understanding the plot and the causes of events in them is a bit complicated, and requires knowledge of ancient beliefs and mythical rituals. Many oral stories of Mazandaran are composed of mythical thoughts and beliefs. In this article, the authors tried to study the mythical elements related to water in these stories using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on how the mythical elements related to the goddess of water have emerged in the oral stories of Mazandaran. After examining five volumes of oral stories, it became clear that components such as crossing rivers, dragons' blocking rivers' waters, and heroes' battles with dragons, the sacrifice of girls and the subsequent release of water, heroes' marrying the daughters of kings, jealousy of the protagonist of the story and conspiracy to kill him, the presence of hippopotamuses or seahorses, the growth of plants from blood, the protagonist leaving to find a wife outside his homeland, the connection between the god of protecting water and the fertility goddess, the connection between fairies and springs are some of the major motifs of oral stories of Mazandaran, which are all rooted in mythical beliefs and rituals. Key words: the myth, Folk tales ,oral stories of Mazandaran, goddess of water. 1-Introduction The foundation and building blocks of most legends and folk tales are the early human beliefs, rituals and myths. According to experts, legends and popular stories are inextricably linked with myths. The goddess of water is one of the famous mythological goddesses whose elements and events are prominent in oral stories. In this research, in order to investigate and analyze the mythological roots of the oral stories of Mazandaran, the goddess of water was discussed, and the research question concerned how the mythical elements related to the goddess of water have appeared in the oral stories of Mazandaran. 2-Materials & methods This essay is written in a descriptive-analytical way and relies on library documents in terms of tools and research field. To this end, the first two volumes of the five-volume collection entitled Oral Stories of Mazandaran written by Nadali Fallah were analyzed. 3-Discussion Every region of Iran has beautiful oral and folk stories that contain many ethnic cultures and customs. In addition to entertainment and amusement, these stories can also play educational functions due to their moral and social themes. The name of Mazandaran appears continuously in stories and mythical texts. This geographical region has strong roots in the world of mythology. In Avesta, ancient Pahlavi sources, as well as in the Shahnameh — regardless of the different ideas that exist about the geographical identity of this region — Mazandaran has been mentioned numerous times. There are many oral narratives in Mazandaran, which are named after "Ketari" (oral) narration. The legend of Demon and Fairy, Arash the Archer, Kijabor, Mina and Panther, Amir and Gohar, Taleb and Zohre are some of the famous and noticeable legends of Mazandaran. In addition, there are legends in the region that have a lot in common with legends common in other regions of Iran and have taken on a local color. These stories are rooted in mythical, epic, religious, popular and common beliefs of other Iranian tribes, as well as native and regional beliefs of the people of the same region.The oral stories of Mazandaran are the remains of mythical and historical memories of a land with many mythological events and incidents tied to its name. The incarnation of gods, various ceremonies and rituals, magic, superhuman beings such as demons and fairies, amazing animals such as the Simurgh, dragons and flying horses, and mysterious and obscure places have significant frequencies in the oral stories of Mazandaran, which all show the metamorphosis or regeneration of mythology. 4- Result By studying and examining the oral stories of Mazandaran, th
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