تأثیر ویژگی های کمیته حسابرسی و حق الزحمه حسابرسی بر تغییر طبقه بندی اقلام در صورت سود و زیان: شواهدی از ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تغییر طبقه بندی اقلام در صورت سود و زیان یکی از استراتژی های مدیریت برای دستکاری و مدیریت سود است. وجود عوامل نظارتی به منظور کنترل بر گزارشگری مالی و اطمینان از سلامت آن امری لازم و ضروری است. همچنین، مبتنی بر ادبیات مدیریت سود، کمیته حسابرسی و حسابرس مستقل می توانند به عنوان چنین عوامل نظارتی نقش ایفا کنند و بر رفتار فرصت طلبانه مدیران تأثیر بگذارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر ویژگی های کمیته حسابرسی و حق الزحمه حسابرسی بر تغییر طبقه بندی اقلام در صورت سود و زیان است. در این پژوهش از سنجه های اندازه و تخصص مالی اعضای کمیته حسابرسی به عنوان معیارهای ویژگی های کمیته حسابرسی استفاده شده است. برای نیل به این هدف، با استفاده از گزارش های مالی حسابرسی شده شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، 1052 سال-شرکت (208 شرکت) مشاهده و گردآوری و طی بازه 1391 تا 1400 بررسی شده اند. نتایج پژوهش بیان کننده استفاده شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران از تغییر طبقه بندی برای مدیریت سود است. همچنین، نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهند بین حق الزحمه حسابرسی و افزایش تخصص مالی و حسابداری اعضای کمیته حسابرسی با تغییر طبقه بندی اقلام در صورت سود و زیان رابطه منفی و معنی داری وجود دارد؛ اما بین اندازه کمیته حسابرسی و تغییر طبقه بندی اقلام در صورت سود و زیان رابطه ای معنی دار وجود ندارد.The Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics and Audit Fees on Classification Shifting of Items in the Income Statement: Evidence from Iran
classification shifting of items in the income statement is one of the management strategies for earnings manipulation and management. The presence of regulatory factors to control financial reporting and ensure its health is necessary. The current research has investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics (size and financial expertise of members) and audit fees on the classification shifting of items in the income statement. To achieve this goal, 1052 company-year observations (208 companies) collected from the audited financial reports of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2022 have been examined. The results of the research, in addition to confirming the use of stock exchange companies of classification shifting for earnings management, show that there is a negative and significant relationship between audit fees and the increase in the financial and accounting expertise of the members of the audit committee with the classification shifting of items in the income statement; But there is no significant relationship between the size of the audit committee and this strategy.IntroductionEarnings, as one of the most important items of financial statements and criteria for evaluating performance and future profitability, play an important role in the decision-making process of users of financial statements. Managers can manipulate this important by using different earnings management methods and mislead users of financial statements. According to the agency theory and previous studies, increasing the size of the audit committee by increasing the entry of various expertise and experiences into the committee and increasing the freedom and independence of the committee, as well as increasing the committee's expert members by increasing the committee's awareness of accounting standards and procedures, leads to better performance of the audit committee in reducing the opportunistic behavior of managers such as profit management and reduction of agency costs. In addition, as a mechanism for overseeing the financial reporting process, it plays a more effective role in the defense of shareholders' rights and gives credibility to financial statements (Zalata & Roberts, 2016; Al-Absy et al., 2019). Also, studies have shown that with an increase in audit fees, the auditor spends more time, effort, and accuracy in the audit process, and as a result, reduces earnings management (Gandía & Hoguet, 2021; Craswell et al., 2002). Most of these studies are about accrual and real earnings management. This research has investigated another tool of earnings management, i.e. classification shifting of items in the income statement, which has not been studied in the Iranian environment. Considering the conditions of Iran's environment (such as inflationary stagnation, the nascentness of the audit committee, and the intensely competitive environment for audit work), the present research sought to answer the question of whether the size of the audit committee (first hypothesis) and the financial expertise of its members (second hypothesis) and audit fee (third hypothesis) have a negative relationship with classification shifting of items in the income statement? The results of this research, by filling the existing gap, can expand the related literature and help the legislators formulate laws that are suitable for this model of earnings management and use the results of this research to evaluate the effectiveness of the audit committee and the independent auditor. It also provides useful information about these issues for regulatory authorities and stakeholders so that they can make more confident decisions. Methods & MaterialIn this research, the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange were used as the statistical population and the statistical sample was determined by applying the following restrictions:1- Due to the difference in reporting rules and the nature of service companies, financial mediation, and investment with production and trading companies, the selected company should not be from the industries of such companies. 2- The information on the selected companies should be available during the research period. 3- The selected company has not changed its activity or financial year in the studied period. 4- The observations of the audit organization and Mofid Rahbar Institute are removed due to the difference in their fees from other private sector institutions in the third hypothesis of the research (Mohammadrezaei & Faraji, 2018).The data required for the research were collected manually from the audited financial statements of the selected companies published on the Kodal website from 2013 to 2022. Considering the above limitations, the statistical sample includes 1052 firm-years (208 companies).According to Mcvay (2006), model 1 is used to calculate the normal earnings, the remainder of which represents the abnormal earnings. Model 2 is used to examine the use and non-use of classification shifting by companies for earnings management, and if this tool is used, the variable coefficient of abnormal items becomes positive and significant (Zalata & Roberts, 2017). Models 3, 4, and 5 have been used to investigate the first, the second, and the third hypothesis of the research, respectively. To achieve such a goal, the significance level and the effect sign of the third interactive variable of the models have been investigated. FindingTable (1): The results of the research hypotheses testP>|t|TStd. errCoefficientsymbolVariable0/294-1.050/071-0/075nr-acsizeAudit committee size *non-recurring0/314R20/000Prob > F17/27 F statisticThe results of the first hypothesis test0/039-2/080/1340/279-nr-acfinFinancial expertise *non-recurring0/217R20/000Prob > F15/58F statisticThe results of the second hypothesis test0/041-2/080/104-0/216nr-audfeeAudit fee*non-recurring items0/359R20/000Prob > F11/03F statisticThe results of the third hypothesis testSource: Research findings Conclusion & ResultsAccording to the significance level and the coefficients of the interaction variables of audit committee members' expertise and audit fees with non-recurring items (which are negative and significant), the increase of expert and experienced members in the audit committee and the increase in audit fees reduced the managers' use of abnormal items to classification shifting. These findings can be confirmed with the agency theory and are consistent with the results of previous studies (for example Gandía & Huguet, 2021; Craswell et al., 2002; Zalata & Roberts, 2016; Usman et al., 2022) and show that the second and third hypothesis is confirmed. Also, Also, according to the level of significance and the coefficient of the interaction variable of audit committee size with non-recurring items (which is negative but non-significant), increasing the size of the audit committee does not have a significant effect on reducing managers' use of abnormal items to classification shifting. These results are consistent with previous studies such as Usman et al., (2022) and Baxter & Cotter, (2009). The institutional theory can explain this result. The institutional theory considers the existence of the audit committee as a formality and states that the existence of this committee is only to show compliance with laws and regulations and the creation of legitimacy outside the organization.According to the obtained results, it is suggested that supervisors and relevant authorities pay special attention to the classification shifting of items in the income statement to protect the quality of financial reporting. Users of financial statements should pay attention to abnormal items, their amount, and their recurrence in future years. Also, auditors should consider the possibility of earnings management through classification shifting of items in the income statement. * Corresponding author
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