اثر نوع محتوا و روش آموزش تربیت بدنی بر کیفیت گذران اوقات فراغت دانش آموزان (مطالعه موردی: دانش آموزان شهر بصره عراق) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر نوع محتوا و روش آموزش تربیت بدنی بر کیفیت گذران اوقات فراغت دانش آموزان دوره ابتدایی کشور عراق بود. روش پژوهش از حیث هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ نوع، توصیفی هم بستگی مبتنی بر مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری بوده که داده های آن به صورت میدانی جمع آوری شده است. جامعه آماری شامل دانش آموزان شهر بصره در کشور عراق بوده که برای تعیین حجم نمونه در این پژوهش از روش ده برابری تعداد گویه های ابزار پژوهش استفاده شد و بر این اساس، 470 دانش آموز به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. از سه پرسش نامه استاندارد کیفیت گذران اوقات فراغت دانش آموزان، نوع محتوای تربیت بدنی و روش آموزش تربیت بدنی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین نوع محتوای تربیت بدنی و مؤلفه های آن (به جز مؤلفه بازی منصفانه و همکاری) با کیفیت گذران اوقات فراغت رابطه مثبت و معناداری برقرار است (05/0P<). همچنین بین روش آموزش تربیت بدنی و مؤلفه های آن (به جز مؤلفه آموزش دانش آموز محور) با کیفیت گذران اوقات فراغت رابطه مثبت و معناداری برقرار است (05/0P<) و مدل معادلات ساختاری از برازش معناداری برخوردار است. گفتنی است معلمان تربیت بدنی می توانند با به کارگیری محتوای مناسب و متناسب با هر رده سنی و استفاده از روش های آموزشی مطلوب، به ویژه با شرکت دادن فعال دانش آموزان در فرایند آموزش درس تربیت بدنی، به جذب این افراد به سوی ورزش و فعالیت های بدنی کمک کنند و این امر به تربیت نیروی انسانی سالم منجر می شود که خود عاملی بسیار مهم در توسعه کشورمان است و باعث ارتقای جایگاه کشور در نظم نوین جهانی می شود.The Effect of the Type of Content and Method of Teaching Physical Education on the Quality of Students Leisure Time (A Case Study of Student in the City of Basra, Iraq)
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the type of content and method of teaching physical education on the quality of leisure timespent by elementary school students in Iraq. The research method, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of type, is descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. Data was collected in the field. The statistical population includes the students of Basra city in Iraq, and to determine the sample size in this research, the method of 10 times the number of items of the research tool was used, and based on this, 470 students were selected as a statistical sample. Three standard questionnaires on the quality of students’ leisure time (Qasmi et al., 2013), the type of physical education content (Kokonen et al., 2018) and the physical education method (Kokonen et al., 2018) were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the type of physical education content and its components (except fair play and cooperation) with the quality of leisure time (P<0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the physical education teaching method and its components (except the student-centered education component) with the quality of leisure time (P<0.05). Finally, the structural equation model of the relationship between the three main research variables has a significant fit. It can be said that physical education teachers can attract these people to sports and physical activities by using appropriate content and suitable for each age group and using appropriate educational methods, especially by actively participating students in the process of teaching physical education lessons. Keywords: Teaching physical education؛ quality of leisure time؛ spending leisure time؛ Elementary school students 1. IntroductionSchool exercise provides an effective framework for skills training to reduce highrisk behaviors and improve well-being (Mendes & Ruiz Esteban, 2020; Appstol et al., 2020). The school is a good place for interventions and allows students to develop strategies for coping with life challenges in the best possible way, with a high level of physical and mental well-being (Cronin et al., 2020; Patchman et al., 2020). Therefore, the promotion of a dynamic lifestyle as the main programs should be considered by the drafters of student sports policies to implement the document of fundamental transformation of education and achieve the student to consider the document of fundamental transformation of education as the future manpower of the country (Hamidi et al., 2021). Therefore, doing physical activity in schools, as a place where students spend most of their time, can have significant effects on the physical and mental health of this group, and therefore holding formal and regular programs is a part of physical education teachers and school officials. The participation of students in physical education is very important, and also the type of selected content and the way of teaching physical education by teachers can affect the experience of students from these activities. Especially at times, their free time should be effective and overshadow the quality of these times. Moreover, this study by identifying the signs to recognize the driving force of common thinking in this field can provide a good perspective for better analysis of this issue in future. Therefore, in the present research, an attempt is made to investigate Does the type of content and teaching of physical education have an effect on the quality of free time of primary school students? 2. Literature ReviewSchools, as one of the main organizations providing free time in a healthy way, can provide observation-based physical education programs, daily breaks, class breaks, modifying school playgrounds to promote active play, and later physical education programs. help students from school (Bassett et al., 2013). The study of Best et al. (2013) showed that physical education is the most effective school-based strategy for involving students in health-promoting physical activities. When mandatory daily physical education was combined with the standard curriculum, the recommended 29 minutes of daily physical activity was achieved. Implementation of model-based physical education practices has gained increasing acceptance in physical education, for example, comprehensive school-based physical activity program (Erwin et al., 2013), health optimization physical education (Metzler et al. , 2013), individual and social responsibility training (Hellison et al., 2003) and sports training (Hastie, 2011). However, there is limited evidence of the ways in which these model-based practices influence student participation in physical activity. Patterns are useful teaching tools, but they should not be accepted uncritically. As Landi et al. (2016) have emphasized citing Geot and Bain and (1985), physical education teachers must be aware that each model makes assumptions about humans, the role of education in society, and the nature of the subject in physical education. he does. A model developed from a theoretical position that takes these considerations directly into account is creative physical education (Choi et al., 2016). Creative physical education is based on an existential framework that engages with phenomenological-ontological and pragmatic interpretations of experience and applies this to education (Choi et al., 2016). This ontological framework enables creative physical education to offer a more developed concept of child-centred education that integrates both curriculum and pedagogy into the ontology. Considering that physical education teachers tend to use teacher-centered education, it is assumed that creative physical education can have a positive effect on students' participation in physical education. Based on this, Kokonen et al. (2018), by examining the effectiveness of creative physical education intervention on the motivation to do physical activity in free time and general physical activity of primary school students, found that this intervention has a positive effect on students' understanding of the homework-supportive atmosphere. It has a negative effect on physical education and on students' self-esteem. Also, students' perception of the task-support environment had a positive effect on their motivation to do physical activity in their free time, which in turn has a positive effect on their overall physical activity. Petrovich (2018) in his research titled "Exercise and physical activity of elementary school students in free time" found that families and schools should play an important role in increasing awareness about the importance of physical activity and sports participation in unstructured free time of students. There is a need to support rural schools in the development and continuation of school sports. And finally, family participation in sports and recreational activities should be supported to provide a model for more student participation in sports and physical activities. Mansoori et al. (2019) found that the use of the Internet has a negative effect on the satisfaction of leisure time by compiling the leisure time model of the country's students. Also, the existence of recreational facilities, increased participation in sports activities and high level of well-being are associated with increased satisfaction with leisure time. Finally, the leisure time model was formulated with six factors influencing the choice of leisure activities (including motivations, personal factors, social and environmental factors, management factors, government factors and challenges) and the consequences of spending leisure time. 3. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling whose data was collected in the field. The statistical population of this research includes the students of the city of Basra, Iraq, and to determine the sample size in this research, the method of 10 times the number of items of the research tool was used, and based on this, 470 students were selected. As a statistical sample, after distributing the questionnaires in person and online among these people and collecting them and removing incomplete questionnaires, 436 questionnaires without defects were selected and entered into the relevant software for analysis. In order to analyze the research data Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics were used to classify raw scores, calculate frequencies and calculate dispersion indices such as mean and standard deviation. In the inferential statistics section, first the skewness and kurtosis test for data distribution, and after confirming the normality of the data distribution, the one-sample t-test to determine the importance of the investigated variable and its components in terms of the sample, Kendall's W test to prioritize the components, correlation test Pearson was used to determine the relationship between variables, simultaneous regression test was used to predict the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable and structural equation modeling. In this research, SPSS 23, SMART PLS 3 and Excel 2010 software were used for data analysis. 4. ResultsThe results of the research showed that the average scores of the content type of physical education and all its components indicate a favorable situation, so that their average score was reported to be more than 3. The significance levels, which are all less than 0.01, can be said that there is a significant difference between the average type of physical education content and its components with the hypothetical average. It was also found that there is a significant priority between the components of the type of physical education content, according to which, the most important priority is related to the component of "related skills in ball games" and the components of "indigenous local games, fair play and cooperation", "active lifestyle and Healthy", "explaining the rules of sports" and "coordination, strength and agility" are in the second to sixth priorities. It was also found that there is a significant priority among the components of the physical education teaching method, and accordingly, the most important priority related to It consists of "student-centered education" and "teacher-centered education". "Technology-oriented" education and "using educational aid tools" are in the second to fourth priorities. It was also found that there is a significant priority among the components of the quality of leisure time, according to which, the most important priority is related to the "religious activity" component. and the components of "educational classes". Unscheduled activities, "sports activity", "recreational activity", "artistic activity", "study" and "face-to-face communication" are in the second to eighth priorities. Finally, the structural equation model of the relationship between the type of content and the teaching method of physical education with The quality of free time of Iraqi elementary school students has a significant fit 5. ConclusionAs a result, by enriching their free time, through various sports, useful and valuable achievements can be provided for students and their families so that we can witness a healthy society and a productive generation. Therefore, according to this finding, it can be said that physical education teachers can use appropriate content for each age group and use appropriate teaching methods, especially with the active participation of students in the process of teaching physical education courses. Helping to attract these people to sports and physical activities and increasing the quality of students' free time is the future capital of the country.
تبلیغات
