بررسی اثرات مشاغل خانگی بر وضعیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی خانوارهای روستایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با توجه به نقش بی بدیل مشاغل خانگی در روند توسعه اقتصادی روستاها و همچنین جوامع روستایی، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر آن ها بر وضعیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی خانوارهای روستایی در بین مددجویان کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) شهرستان سرخس به صورت پیمایشی انجام شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 290 نفر از مددجویان کمیته امداد امام خمینی شهرستان سرخس بودند که در قالب طرح اشتغال خانگی، تسهیلات دریافت کرده اند که 201 نفر از آنها، به عنوان نمونه تحقیق، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات، پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی آن از طریق بررسی و اعمال نظرات اساتید راهنما و مشاور و کارشناسان کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) شهرستان سرخس و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفا کرونباخ تایید شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، مشاغل خانگی بر ابعاد اقتصادی و اجتماعی نمونه مورد مطالعه در سطح 99 درصد اطمینان، اثر داشتند. یافته های تحقیق حاکی از آن بود که بین متغیر سطح تحصیلات و سابقه فعالیت در مشاغل خانگی با اثرات اقتصادی آن ها در جوامع روستایی، رابطه مثبت و معنی داری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، اثرات اقتصادی و اجتماعی مشاغل خانگی از دیدگاه گروه های جنسیتی و افراد شرکت کننده در دوره های آموزشی مرتبط با شغل، تفاوت معنی داری داشتند.Home Businesses, Capacity Building, Institutional and local networking, clients of Imam Khomeini Relief foundation.
IntroductionVillages, as the main and primary focus of the formation of civilization and the central core of production, have a strategic role and importance in maintaining the economic-political independence of the country in terms of providing food security and national security. However, they are facing many problems and deprivations such as low level of social welfare, migration, lack of job opportunities and increase in unemployment. In order to get out of this situation, development of home businesses in villages has been put on the agenda of governments. The development of home businesses increases mental and objective well-being, improves living standards, increases self-confidence and expands social relationships, and increases the social and psychological capabilities of villagers. It is low-cost and makes the rural people stay longer and prevents their migration to the cities; The Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) of Sarakhs county has also carried out extensive activities in the field of creating and developing home businesses, according to its orientations of empowering the people supported, and the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of home businesses on the economic and social status of rural households among the clients of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Sarakhs county. MethodologyThe research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected through surveys. The statistical population of the research was 290 people who received assistance from the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Sarakhes county, and 201 of them were investigated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity was confirmed through the review and application of the opinions of Supervisor and advisor and experts of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) of Sarakhs county, and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research results were presented in two parts, descriptive and inferential, using SPSS25 software. In the descriptive part, frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation were used in order to describe the demographic characteristics and also to prioritize the items of economic and social effects of home businesses. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the demographic characteristics of the studied sample and their views on the effects of home businesses on economic and social status. Also, in order to investigate the difference in respondents' opinions regarding the economic and social effects of home businesses in bivariate groups, Mann-Whitney test was used. FindingsThe results obtained from prioritizing the items of economic effects of home businesses on rural households showed that the items of "increasing family income" in dimention of strengthening the household's investment capacity; The items of "increasing the purchasing power of food products" in dimention of improving household welfare; The items of "increasing economic awareness in the field of product production" in dimention of strengthening entrepreneurial capabilities; the items of "increasing the level of employment in the village" in the dimension of the development of job opportunities, were the most important economic effects of home businesses among rural households, from the perspective of the studied sample.Also, the results of prioritizing the views of the studied sample in the field of social effects of home businesses show that the studied sample has the items of "participating in training courses to update home business information" in the dimension of morale enhancement of creativity and entrepreneurship; "using social networks to sell products" in the dimension of institutional and local networking; "increasing the tendency of young people to work in the village" in terms of improving social integration; "increasing self-confidence in expressing personal opinions" in terms of strengthening self-belief and self-confidence have been mentioned as the most important social effects of home businesses in rural households.The results of the Mann-Whitney test in the field of economic and social effects of home businesses indicated that the economic effects of business in gender groups and participation in training courses were significantly different at the 99% confidence level. Based on the results of the average comparison in the social effects section of home businesses, people who participated in training courses believe that home businesses have had better social effects among rural communities. Discussion and conclusionToday, home businesses are one of the vital parts of economic activities that cause great diversity and transformation in the society and economy of any country in terms of creating employment, innovation in the supply of products or services. In recent years, home businesses have grown significantly and have an important role in the gross national product of countries. Considering the importance and role of home businesses in rural development and improving the economic and social conditions of rural households, the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee has provided facilities and training for home businesses, and in this research, their economic and social effects on rural households were investigated.The findings of the research showed that the most important economic effects of home businesses were "increasing the level of employment in the village", "increasing the purchasing power of food products" and "booming seasonal employment in the village", which is in line with the results of the research of Yagoubi-Farani and Jalilian. (2014) was consistent.The results of examining the views of the studied sample in the field of social effects of home businesses showed that the created businesses cause "participation of people in training courses", "using social networks to sell products" and "increasing self-confidence" in expressing personal opinions. This shows that there is a very good potential to use appropriate models to familiarize the villagers with the potential benefits of home businesses, which unfortunately has been neglected until now. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the education variable and the economic effects of home businesses in rural communities. This finding is consistent with the research results of Rahmani and Khodayari (2015) and Agahi et al. (2015). Aramesh et al. (2019) believe that the level of education is effective on the empowerment of rural communities.The number of family members is another variable that has a positive and significant relationship with the economic effects of home businesses. This finding is consistent with the research results of Mohammad et al. (2021), Izadi et al. (2015) and Najafi and Safa (2013). Having the experience of working in business, while increasing self-confidence in a person, increases their risk-taking power in the implementation of activities.The findings of the Mann-Whitney test indicate that people who have participated in business-related training classes believe that home businesses have more favorable economic effects. Participating in training classes, while having a positive effect on their business, makes them familiar with the obstacles in the business and they can act in the right way in business-related decisions and planning. Take effective steps to solve it and turn threats into opportunities.
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