بررسی اثرات گردشگری بر مناطق روستایی؛ مورد مطالعه بخش مرکزی شهرستان بافت (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رونق گردشگری در مناطق روستایی باعث رشد اقتصادی ساکنان می شود در حالی که گردشگری پیامدهای مثبت و منفی اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی و کالبدی را به همراه داردکه در صورت ادامه یافتن آثار منفی گردشگری می تواند مانعی اساسی بر سر راه توسعه روستاها باشد. در این پژوهش آثار اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی و کالبدی گردشگری را بر توسعه روستایی شهرستان بافت بررسی شد. جامعه آماری ، 2512خانوار روستاهای شهرستان بافت می باشد که بر پایه فرمول کوکران، 333 خانوار با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه ای بود که روایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ بررسی شد (9/0=a ). تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و Amosانجام شد. به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازه گیری سازه اثرات گردشگری بر توسعه روستایی، داده های گردآوری شده با نرم افزار Amos،و روش های آماریTو پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهدکه توسعهگردشگری در محدوده مورد مطالعه در زمینه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، ،زیست محیطی و کالبدی اثراتی را موجب شده است که برخی جنبه مثبت و برخی جنبه منفی داشته اند. گردشگری در زمینه اقتصادی، باعث اشتغالزایی و افزایش درآمد شده اما اثرات منفی آن از جمله افزایش قیمت کالاها ، سوداگری زمین و افزایش ساخت وساز بوده است که از نظر اقتصادی موفق عمل نکرده است. در زمینه اجتماعی، اثرات مثبتی همچون افزایش تعلق مکانی ، آشنایی و افزایش تعامل روستاییان با گردشگران و... داشته است. درعامل زیست محیطی و کالبدی موجب آگاهی روستاییان به حفظ محیط زیست و افزایش زیرساخت هایی خدماتی شده است.ضریب تأثیر بدست آمده بین توسعه گردشگری و هر کدام از چهار مؤلفه مورد بررسی عبارتند از: در بعد اقتصادی (94/0)، کالبدی (91/0)، زیست محیطی (88/0) و اجتماعی (79/0). بر این اساس، در روستاهای مورد مطالعه بیشترین تأثیر را بعد اقتصادی و کالبدی می تواند بر توسعه گردشگری داشته باشد.Investigating the effects of tourism on rural areas; The case study of the central part of Baft County
Introduction:In recent decades, the tourism sector is one of the most prominent sectors in the world economy due to its ability to generate income, employment and taxes. Tourism is known globally because it contributes to the economic and social development of the country. And as It is the main source of economic growth. In relation to rural areas, today rural tourism is a tool for rural revitalization. Rural tourism is one of the relatively new fields in rural development that can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and in the revitalization and renewal of rural areas. To be an effective village.Rural tourism is one of the relatively new areas in rural development, which can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and be effective in revitalizing and renovating rural areas. The importance of tourism in the process of rural development has been confirmed in many countries. Now, rural tourism is considered an industry that has potential sustainability. Considering the importance of tourism in the planning process of rural development, it is very important to pay attention to it in rural development plans and plans, especially local plans. Methodology:Since the main goal of the current research was to investigate the effects of tourism in the rural areas of the central part of Baft county, an attempt has been made to realize the said goal by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using the quantitative method. In the present study, documentary and field survey methods were used to collect information and data. The statistical population of this research is in the central part of Baft city, there are 18 tourist-friendly villages with tourism potential, and all these 18 villages were selected to distribute and complete the questionnaire; The number of their families is 2512 people. And finally, using Cochran's formula, 333 people were selected as the sample size. Sampling of the target population was done by simple random method. Finally, a special quota has been considered for each of the 18 villages, which is proportional to the population of the villages. The main tool of the research was a questionnaire whose validity was checked through Cronbach's alpha (a = 0.9). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software. In order to check the fit of the structural measurement model of tourism effects on rural development, the data collected with Amos software and Pearson and T statistical methods were analyzed. Findings:this research indicate that tourism development in the study area has led to various economic, social, environmental, and physical impacts, some of which are positive, while others are negative.In the economic dimension, tourism has generated employment and increased income, but its negative effects, including rising prices of goods, land speculation, and increased construction, have not been economically successful. In the social dimension, positive effects such as increased local attachment, familiarity, and increased interaction between ruralresidents and tourists were observed.In the environmental and physical factors, tourism has contributed to rural awareness of environmental conservation and improved service infrastructure. The impact coefficients obtained between tourism development and each of the four examined components are as follows: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88), and social (0.79). Based on these results, in the studied villages, the greatest impact of tourism development can be in the economic and physical dimensions. Discussion and Conclusion:According to the findings of the research, all the path coefficients show high values, the intensity of which is more about the factor loadings of the observed variables of the economic and physical dimension scales than other scales, the influence coefficient obtained between tourism development and each of the four components The examined are: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88) and social (0.79). Based on this, in the studied villages, the economic and physical aspects can have the greatest impact on rural development. Among the most important effects of tourism in rural areas from the social dimension, social participation, place belonging and protection of intangible heritage have the most effects on tourism development. From the economic aspects of tourism in rural areas, employment, income and investment are the most important economic effects of tourism on tourism development. Among the physical effects of tourism in rural areas, access to services and facilities has the highest correlation coefficient among the physical effects. Also, the destruction of resources and the protection of natural heritage are the most important environmental effects of tourism in the regions, some of which have positive and some negative aspects. According to the evaluations of tourism in the economic field, tourism has created employment and increased income, but its negative effects, such as the increase in the price of goods, land and housing, land speculation, and the increase in construction, especially in garden lands, have been economically successful. has not done But in the social fields, tourism has had many positive effects, such as increasing the belonging of villagers to their village, increasing the familiarity of villagers' interactions with tourists, and transferring ideas to rural areas, reducing migration, and improving individual and public health conditions. Therefore, tourism has been successful in the social context. From an environmental and physical point of view, tourism has made the villagers aware of preserving the environment and increasing service infrastructures, but it has brought many negative effects such as environmental pollution by tourists, change of use and encroachment on gardens. Based on the surveys, it was found that tourists mostly go to rural areas to use natural attractions such as Khabar National Park, caves, bird habitats, etc. These facilities and cultural and historical attractions rarely enter rural areas.Therefore, taking the necessary measures and providing more facilities and services, increasing advertisements and more awareness of tourists from the villages of the region can cause favorable economic, social and environmental effects and lay the foundation for the development of tourism in the villages of the city, and considering the high volume of tourism that The city faces it especially in the spring and winter season, it is possible to help the socio-economic development of the villages with correct and principled planning.
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