کاربست الگویِ وینی و داربلنه در واکاوی تأثیر قرآن بر مثنوی معنوی از دیدگاه ترجمه پسا استعماری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ترجمه پژوهان نظریه های گوناگونی برای نشان دادن ماهیت ترجمه پرورانده اند. یکی از آنها رویکرد پسا استعماری آدم خوارانه (کانیبالیستی) است. ماجرا از این قرار است که بومیان برزیلی، در مراسمی آیینی، کشیش پرتغالی (نماد استعمار) را می خورند. بعدها از این واقعه با عنوان بیانیه آدم خواری رونمایی شد و خوردن گوشت و خون طرف مقابل در چرخشی استعاری به هضم و جذب دستاوردهای استعمارگر برای تقویت و رشد مستعمره تبدیل شد. به منظور واکاوی تأثیر قرآن بر مثنوی معنوی از دیدگاه ترجمه پسا استعماری، الگوی وینی و داربلنه مدنظر قرار گرفت؛ زیرا نظریه های پسا استعماری، اغلب رویکرد توصیفی دارند و ضروری است که با رویکردهای الگومحور و تحلیلی ادغام شوند. الگوی وینی و داربلنه ناظر به دو استراتژی ترجمه مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در مطالعات زبان شناسی و ترجمه است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که مثنوی معنوی از دیدگاه پسا استعماری، شکلی از ترجمه قرآن است؛ انگیزه مولوی در استفاده از آیات قرآن، افزون بر مانایی اشعارش، ساختن آرمان شهر ادبیات فارسی است تا بدین وسیله جایگاه زبان و ادبیات فارسی را به سطح فرهنگ های برتر دنیا برساند؛ و سرانجام اینکه مولوی با وجود استفاده متناوب از راهبردهای ترجمه مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در انتقال آیات قرآن به مثنوی معنوی، نسبت به بهره گیری از برخی روش ها نظیر قرض گرفتن، مدولاسیون و تعادل علاقه بیشتری نشان داده است.Adopting Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model in the Effect of the Holy Quran on the Masnavi Ma’navi analysis based on Post-colonial Translation
Background : Translation scholars have developed different approaches to demonstrate the nature of translation, one being the cannibalistic post-colonial approach. The story is -Brazilian natives ate the Portuguese priest (a symbol of colonization) during a ritual. This event was later presented as the Declaration of Cannibalism, and symbolically, the act of digesting and absorbing the achievements of the colonizer, by eating the flesh and drinking blood through which, the colony got stronger. Purpose : If we look at Masnavi Ma’navi from this perspective, the reason for the Quran ’s tremendous influence on it will be completely clear. To clarify the impact of the Quran on Masnavi Ma’navi from a post-colonial translation perspective, Vinay and Darbelnet’s model is adopted because the post-colonial perspectives often have descriptive approaches. Vinay and Darbelnet’s model is concerned with two direct and indirect translation strategies in linguistics and translation studies. Results : The results of the study indicate that Masnavi Ma’navi , from a post-colonial perspective, is a form of translation of the Quran . Molavi’s motivation in resorting to Quranic verses, in parallel to the meaning of his poems, is to establish a Utopia of Persian literature so that Persian language and literature can reach the level of the high cultures of the world. Although Molavi applied both direct and indirect translation strategies in transferring Quranic verses into Masnavi Ma’navi , he is interested in ingurging, modulation, and equivalence methods as well. Keywords: Linguistics and Translation, Holy Quran , Masnavi Ma’navi , Post-colonial Perspectives, Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model. Introduction Translation scholars have developed customized theories to demonstrate the nature of translation with ideological tendencies. One of these theories is the cannibalistic postcolonial approach. It dates back to the story where Brazilian natives ate the Portuguese priest (a symbol of colonization) during a ritual, later presented as the Declaration of Cannibalism. Symbolically, the act of digesting and absorbing the achievements of the colonizer, especially their language, by eating the flesh and drinking blood of the other party, was transformed into a means of strengthening and promoting the colony’s power. In brief, the objective of the colony was to absorb the power of the colonizer within itself as to generate new authority. Eating foreign flesh and drinking blood in this ritual is a symbolic sign of respect and acceptance statute and superiority, with no denial or rejection on the colonizer part. In this perspective, the colony replaced the subordinate stance with the superior stance and, like a superior culture, reached power and glory. In the Homogenetic approach perspective in the translation process, the source text is ingurgated to strengthen the target text (TT). A deep look at Masnavi Ma’navi in this perspective, the reason for the Quran ’s tremendous influence on it will be completely clear. To clarify the impact of the Quran on Masnavi Ma’navi from a postcolonial translation perspective, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet’s model is adopted because postcolonial perspectives have descriptive approaches and it is necessary to integrate these approaches with pattern-based and analytical approaches. Method and Materials The Holy Quran and Masnavi Ma’navi constitute the primary sources of this study. The effect of the Holy Quran on Masnavi Ma’navi from the viewpoint of post-colonial translation is combined with Vinay and Darbelnet’s model. The two general strategies of their model are direct translation and oblique translation. Accordingly, in any translation, there exist seven key active processes or procedures:: Ingurgitating: is to take a word from the source language (SL) and hold it in the target language (TL), the easiest of the procedures, usually applied in one of two situations: when addressing a new technological method for which there is no term in the TL, or when holding a word from the SL for stylistic effect, where the translator applied a foreign word. Calque: is when a word from the ST is translated into the TT. Calques either adopt the TL syntax when translating each word literally, or they disregard the TL syntax and stick to the SL syntax, thus, making syntactical structure complicated in TT. Literal Translation: according to Vinay and Darbelnet, this approach can only be applied in specific situations. These scholars believe that interpreting word for word without changing the context is an appropriate measure applied in literal translation. Simply, literal translation broadens the meaning of a calque more appropriately. Transposition: according to Vinay and Darbelnet, is described as a change in word class without a change in meaning. This applies when translators alter the word form, such as nouns to verbs, without thinking about it. Transposition, to Vinay and Darbelnet is either mandatory or optional; they refer to the ST as the base expression and the TT as the transposed expression. Modulation: is the process of generating a TT from a different perspective than the ST. When the results of the previous procedures produce an awkward-sounding translation despite being grammatically, syntactically, and lexically correct, Vinay and Darbelnet consider this procedure to be appropriate. Equivalence: can be both simple and complex. Vinay and Darbelnet apply the example of someone expressing pain to describe equivalence as something that is almost inherently cultural, expression "ouch!" in English, while a literal translation of the sound would be useless to the reader in French, expression, “ae!.” Both terms will immediately convey to readers that there is a degree of pain involved. Adaptation: when the translator attempts to make the SL into the TL while assuring that it is as important and meaningful as the original, adaptation is equivalent to equivalence. Imagine if the ST said anything so unmistakably English that translating it into French would be meaningless, or vice versa. Adaptation is needed at this point by the translator. The phrase banlieue is a great example of this, but it can be a bit of a double-edged sword when translated into English. Findings The findings here reveal that the level of linguistic interference depends on social and cultural factors next to the strength of different linguistic and literary systems; for example, when the translation is done from a strong language or culture, the reception of the SL will be greater in the TL, especially if TL or culture needs to gain strength in a specific context. In this article, the ingurgitation method, as the first of the seven main methods of Vinay and Darbelnet’s model, is fully adopted in the process of analysis of Masnavi Ma’navi to reveal new perspectives on translation studies. Ingurgitating elements of the SL are the methods applied in preservation, reduction, deletion, addition, transposition, and modulation. Among these seven models, the 1 st , 4 th , 5 th , 6 th , and 7 th are applied in transferring the verses and phrases of the Quran into Masnavi Ma’navi . The translation with calque and literal translation methods was less than the others. Discussion of Results and Conclusion Based on the finding here, Masnavi Ma’navi , in a postcolonial perspective, is a form of translation of the Quran , as the translator has selected the highest and most sacred capital of the SL, like the Quran , and has applied its verses to compose his poems and give them meaning to the highest extent possible. Molavi’s motivation in applied Quranic verses, next to the meaning of his poems, is to establish a Utopia of Persian literature so that Persian language and literature can reach the level of the superior cultures of the world. Although Molavi considered both direct and indirect translation strategies in transferring Quranic verses into his Masnavi Ma’navi , without disregarding strategies like ingurgitation, modulation, and equivalence.
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