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۵۹

چکیده

احسان طبری از سرآمدان جنبش کمونیستی در ایران بود. او با دانش وسیعش در اعتباربخشی به حزب توده ایران و آموزش مارکسیسم به جوانان حزبی، در گستراندن قلمرو حزب به ویژه در میان روشنفکران و کارگران سهمی بزرگ داشت. ایمان و پایبندی اش به حزب و اصول مارکسیسم چنان مستحکم بود که گمانی از فروپاشی آن نمی رفت، اما فروپاشید و با تألیف آثاری نیز بر آن صحه گذاشت. بازگشت از مارکسیسم و اعلام دین داری اش پرسش برانگیز بود. فردی که به عنوان نظریه پرداز و یکی از پایه های اصلی حزب قلمداد می شد، چگونه از باوری که نزدیک به نیم سده با آن زیسته و هویتش را شکل داده بود، به آسانی دست کشید؟ هدف این نوشتار بررسی واقعیت این تحول است که با نقبی بر خصوصیات اخلاقی و منش حزبی و سیاسی اش، بر پایه آثار و خاطرات هم حزبی هایش که طیفی از موافقان و مخالفانش بودند و نیز متن بازجویی هایش از 1362 تا 1364، پاسخی درخور به این پرسش می دهد. یافته این پژوهش حاکی از دین داری مصلحتی و پناه بردن به تقیه برای درامان ماندن و صیانت از ایمان و اندوخته های فکری اش بود که جز از این طریق مقصود حاصل نمی شد.

Exploring Ehsan Tabari's Shifting Away from Marxism: From Speculation to Reality

One of the key figures of the communist movement in Iran was Ehsan Tabari. With his extensive expertise, he increased the credibility of the Tudeh Party of Iran and educated the younger members of the party in Marxist ideology. His contribution led to an increase in the party's following among intellectuals and workers. His deep faith and unwavering adherence to the party and the principles of Marxism were so unshakeable that there was no doubt about its eventual collapse. Nevertheless, it collapsed, and he confirmed this by writing about it. His assertion of religiosity cast doubt on his true intentions after his commitment to Marxism. How was it possible that someone who was a renowned theorist and a crucial figure in the party could so easily abandon the belief that he had held for almost half a century and which was at the core of his identity? This paper attempts to provide an adequate answer to the research question by examining his moral, partisan and political characteristics through the works and memoirs of his party friends - both those who support and those who oppose him - as well as through the texts of his interrogations from 1362š to 1364š. The results of the study indicate that Tabari pursued a tactic of opportunistic religiosity and used concealment (taqiye) as a means of protecting his faith and intellectual reticence, as he saw this as the only viable choice.

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