تحلیل نظام ریسک پذیری حکایت «سفرِ هندوستان و ضلالتِ بت پرستان» بوستان بر پایه نظریّه گفتمان خیزابی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گفتمان خیزابی مبتنی بر نظامی رخدادی شکل می گیرد و زمینه تکثیر گفتمانی را فراهم می کند. درنتیجه با وضعیت هایی سیال، باز و جهشی روبه رو می شویم که دامنه حضور کنشگر را وسعت می بخشد و حضوری را برای کنشگر رقم می زند که دیگر در کنترل او نیست. نظام های گفتمانی به دو نوع کلی تقسیم می شوند: محافظه کاری و خطرپذیری. محافظه کاری برپایه تطبیق و خطرپذیری برپایه تصادف شکل می گیرد. گفتمان خیزابی نیز برآیند نظام خطرپذیری است که با ایجاد فرایند گسست، به شکل دهی معناهایی رخدادی و نامنتظر می انجامد. در این پژوهش، حکایت «سفر هندوستان و ضلالت بُت پرستان» بوستان سعدی از منظر نظریه گفتمان خیزابی بررسی خواهد شد و نوع تعامل و بده بستان های میان دو نظام محافظه کاری و خطرپذیری و شرایط و بایسته های این دو نظام تحلیل می شود. درواقع، مسئله اصلی پژوهشِ پیشِ روی این است که در این حکایت، نظام گفتمانی تطبیق و خطر در شرایط گذار و در قالب چرخش گفتمانی چگونه و برپایه کدام معیارها بازنمود می یابد. همچنین شیوه رویارویی این نظام ها با یکدیگر چگونه است و گفتمان خیزابی چگونه تبیین می شود. بررسی حکایت منظور نشان می دهد گفته پرداز پیوسته فضای گفتمان را در وضعیتی چالشی قرار می دهد؛ به گونه ای که نظام های محافظه کاری و خطرپذیری به موازات هم و در یک فضای رقابتی روایت را به پیش می برند. کنشگر نیز با توجه به موقعیت نشانه ای که در آن قرار می گیرد در این فضای رقابتی مشارکت می کند و سرانجام با کنش قتل، فضایی رخدادی را رقم می زند که سبب شکل گیری خطرپذیری و تحقق گفتمان خیزابی می شود.Analysis of the Risk-taking System of Bustan's Story ‘Safar-e Hindustan va Zalalat-e Botparastan’ based on the Wave Discourse Theory
The Wave Discourse is formed based on an event system and provides the basis for discourse proliferation. As a result, we encounter fluid, open, and leaping situations that expand the scope of the actor's presence and, as a result, create a presence for the actor that is no longer under his control. Discourse systems are divided into two general types: conservatism and risk-taking. Conservatism is based on adaptation, and risk-taking is based on an accident. The Wave Discourse is also the result of the risk-taking system, which leads to the formation of accidental and unexpected meanings by creating a rupture process. In the present study, the story of Bustan Saadi's ‘Safar-e Hindustan va Zalalat-e Botparastan’ is examined from the perspective of the Wave Discourse Theory. In this study, the type of interaction between the two systems of conservatism and risk-taking and the conditions of these two systems are analyzed. Examining the story under discussion shows that the narrator continuously puts the discourse space in a challenging situation in such a way that the systems of conservatism and risk-taking advance the narrative in parallel and in a competitive atmosphere. The actor also participates in this competitive space according to the symbolic position in which he is placed, and finally, with the act of murder, he creates an event space that causes the formation of risk-taking and the realization of the Wave Discourse.IntroductionThe aim of the present study is to explain how the discourse system of conservatism and risk-taking interact or confront each other in the story of ‘Safar-e Hindustan va Zalalat-e Botparastan’ and create a challenging situation in the discourse. In the conservative system, we are faced with a kind of stability and a logical order among phenomena. Signifiers refer to specific symbols. Actions are also the result of logical order among actors. But, in the system of risk-taking, the logical order between the phenomena gets confused and the signifiers refer to different signifies. Actions are also dynamic. As a result, the semantic boundaries are widened and the meaning is reprocessed. This process provides the basis for the formation of the Wave Discourse Theory. The main questions of the current research are: What are the characteristics of the discourse system of conservatism and danger in the story of Bustan in the context of transition and in the form of discourse rotation? Also, how do these two discourse systems face each other in the process based on discourse rotation and affect the process of denotation? Finally, (according to what conditions) is the theory of the Wave Discourse realized?Materials and MethodsIn the present study, for the purpose of introducing the Wave Discourse Theory, the way the discourse systems of conservatism and risk-taking confront each other in the text of the story ‘Safar-e Hindustan va Zalalat-e Botparastan’ in Bustan Saadi is analyzed. In this study, the wise view of Saadi, the challenging relations within the text, the interaction and confrontation between the actors of the story, the continuous challenge between the two sides of the interaction, the presence and role of the narrator, the criticism of dogmatic thinking and truth-seeing, and the confrontation between the view of imitative worship and conscious worship have been investigated. In fact, the study tries to show that Saadi's view has a great contribution in completing new patterns and deepening them.Discussion of Results and ConclusionsThe findings of the study showed that in the above-mentioned story, different discourses of conservatism and risk-taking are changing to one another in a context of discourse rotation. This issue creates a situation for the system of conservatism and risk-taking, which advances the narrative in parallel and in a competitive environment. In interacting with the actors of the narrative, the narrator takes actions that endanger the discourse conditions, and this constantly puts the space of the discourse in a challenging situation and sets a kind of insecurity as a sign for the discourse. But at the same time as the danger is formed by resorting to discourse appeasement, the pressure of tension is reduced and the atmosphere of conservatism grows. This issue puts the discourse in an equal condition from the point of view of power balance.The sequence of actions and events arising from it in the text shows that the confrontation between the two systems of conservatism and risk-taking within each action and in the transition from one action to the next is considered the central proposition of the text. This confrontation leads to confrontation and tension between the narrator and the audience, and as a result, expands the bipolar space to the entire space of the text. Dualities of the story include interaction and confrontation, negotiation and confrontation, convergence and divergence, negotiation and assertion, symbolic security and symbolic insecurity, appeasement and practice, induction and persuasion, order and chaos, and imitation and consciousness as mediating propositions.
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