بررسی تطبیقی نظریه بازتاب «لوکاچ» در دو رمان عشاق زیر گیوتین داعش مهدی اشتری و حبیبی داعشی هاجر عبدالصمد (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
انقلاب راستین در جامعه شناسی ادبیات و تبدیل آن به علم اثباتی به آثار لوکاچ مربوط می شود و نظریه «بازتاب واقعیت»، ادبی ترین نظریه این نویسنده مجارستانی در نقد جامعه شناسی است. رئالیسم سبکی است که چنین بازتابی از کل جامعه در آن نشان داده می شود. تلقی لوکاچ این است که رمان صرفاً بازتاب پوسته سطحی واقعیت نیست، بلکه بازتابی حقیقی تر و پویاتر از واقعیت و درواقع بازتاباندن در قالب یک ساختار ذهنی است که به لباس کلمات درآمده است. این پژوهش برآن است تا به شیوه تحلیلی- توصیفی کاربست نظریه بازتاب و مبانی فکری لوکاچ را در رمان فارسی مهدی اشتری و عربی، هاجر عبدالصمد بررسی کند و به تطبیق این نظریه در محتوای دو داستان عربی و فارسی می پردازد. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر این است که هر دو اثر به خوبی پدیده جدید اجتماعی را به چالش کشیده اند و در به تصویر کشیدن حوادث داستان با بهره گیری از زبان رمان به خوبی از آن به عنوان ابزاری برای بیان ناهنجاری های به وجود آمده، درنتیجه ظهور و بروز داعش بهره برده اند. درواقع هر دو نویسنده از چارچوب سنتی به متن پرهیز کرده اند و مؤلفه های نقد جامعه شناسی لوکاچ و نظریه بازتاب به خوبی در آن نمایان است. اشتری تضاد و تناقض های اجتماعی موجود در جامعه تحت سلطه داعش را از نظر گذرانده و عبدالصمد نیز شاخصه های نقد جامعه شناسی و نظریه بازتاب را درخشونت ورزی، جهاد نکاح و دیدگاه های فمینیستی و... متبلور کرده است.A Comparative study of thelukácsreflection theory in the novel lovers under the ISIS guillotine and my love ISIS
Introduction:Considering the obvious similarities between the world of the novel and the social reality, among all literary works, sociological criticism focuses on the novel, which is natural. The great branch of sociology of the novel examines the way society is depicted in the novel. We can consider George Lukács as a pioneer in this method; from the beginning, he based the theory and sociology of his novel on the basis of Hegel's aesthetics. In the next stage, Lukács turned to Marxist theory and became the main founder of Marxist sociology as one of the most influential methods in the sociology of literature (Askari Hasankeloo, 2015: 21). In order to understand the depth of a literary work from the critics' point of view, it is necessary to review the reflection of the society's reality in the heart of the novel, and it is from this point of view that "Lukács, like Lucien Goldman, believes that the mentality of a novelist is formed under the influence of a certain social situation." (Goldman, 1992: 212). George Lukács formed the first unified system in the sociology of literature. Based on the close and dialectical connection between art and society, he based his analytical view on this field and based on some intellectual sources and scientific references, he emphasized that literature should never be separated from the evolutionary process of life (Lukács, 1994: 133-137). What Lukács believes is that the novel is not a 100% reflection of reality, but a reflection of it, and in his opinion, "literature is a small world that reflects the big world (the reality of the world)" (Shamisa, 2009: 291). With the emergence and gaining power of ISIS in the last decade, new themes were added to the field of contemporary fiction writing. The Arab countries' confrontation and war with ISIS also made its way into the field of fiction writing, and the result was the emergence of the ISIS lover Hajar Abdul Samad in Egypt and the lovers under the guillotine of ISIS Mahdi Ashtari in Iran; Therefore, this article aims to do a comparative study of the reflection of emerging events in two Persian and Arabic novels and examine the components of Lukács's sociological criticism in these two.Methodology:This research relies on the descriptive-analytical method to examine the social criticism based on the theory of Lukács reflection in the Persian novel Lovers under the ISIS guillotine by Mahdi Ashtari and the ISIS lover Arabic novel by Hajar Abdul Samad, and for this purpose, considering the characteristics of both works, in The framework of the American school is placed in comparative literature because this school crosses ethnic and national borders and looks at literature as a general problem and overcomes the historical relationships and influence of the works and pays special attention to the aesthetic dimension of the text and the relationship of the literary work with other sciences. has it; Therefore, what is the criterion of action in this research is not the influence of two works, but rather the reflection of Lukács' theory of reflection and the components of social criticism subset in two novels.Results and Discussion:This research is a new step in the direction of investigating the role of society in literary work. Considering the new nature of the ISIS phenomenon, it is necessary to examine its reflection and sociological criticism in the fiction literature of Iran and Arab countries and since it is a new topic and has not been discussed so far, this article seeks to apply the Marxist theory of Lukács along with the sociological review and criticism of these two works and to consider the amount of reflection and reflection and commitment of the author of two novels in two different environments regarding the social issues of the day, the contradictions and contradictions in the society regarding the case of ISIS in the two novels. Therefore, this article seeks to achieve these two goals: Analytical review and sociological and literary criticism based on the theory of Lukács reflection and social realism in the novels Lovers Under the ISIS Guillotine and ISIS lover and the analysis of how these two writers have been able to show the contradictions and contradictions in the society by using social realism.Conclusion:This research, with the sociological and literary analysis of the novel, topics such as social realism and its sub-topics: terrorism, war and bloodshed, Salafism, various issues, problems and disorders of the countries at war with ISIS, Iraq and other Arab regions below. It shows the oppression of ISIS to some extent and has carefully examined the position of each of the authors regarding historical events and various political, cultural, intellectual and linguistic currents that have emerged in Arab countries.The comparison of these two novels has shown a new image of the novel in Iran and the Arab world and how they deal with the issues that affect the literary, cultural, national and social conditions of the Arab world during the era when terrorism, war and violence affect the world. has dominated, reflected and their characteristics and similarities and differences with each other are expressed in terms of their attention to social, literary and violence issues, and while examining the function of fictional elements, rewriting history from the perspective of a third world woman writer (in ISIS lover's novel )- which was not seen before with such an extent, is investigated.
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