بررسی و تبیین تغییرات کلانترهای طایفه جاوید ایل ممسنی در دوره قاجار با تکیه بر اسناد نویافته محلی و سنگ نگاره های گورستانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طایفه جاوید، از طوایف چهارگانه اتحادیه لُر ممسنی فارس است. نظام کلانتری بین آنها، که وظیفه آن رهبری، انسجام و معاضدت عامه مردم در تحولات سیاسی-اجتماعی بوده است، به نوعی سبک مدیریت ایلی را در این اتحادیه نشان می دهد. این نظام به دلایلی ازجمله رقابت بر سر منصب کلانتری و دخالت کارگزاران حکومت مرکزی در انتخاب کلانترها، همواره دچار تغییر و گذار بوده است. با عنایت به اهمیت موضوع تغییر کلانترهای طایفه جاوید و کُنش 1 مردم این منطقه در موضع گیری های سیاسی-اجتماعی ایل ممسنی و چگونگی رویدادها در مقابل این کنش، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر کارگزاران حکومتی در فرآیند تغییر کلانترهای طایفه جاوید ایل ممسنی و واکنش ها نسبت به این تغییرات حکومتی در دوره قاجار، قصد آن را دارد تا به این پرسش پاسخ دهد: تغییر کلانترها در طایفه جاوید باعث ظهور و افول چه افراد یا خانواده هایی در منصب کلانتری شد؟ این پژوهش به شیوه مطالعه کتابخانه ای با تکیه بر اسناد نویافته متعلق به برخی خانواده های محلی و مطالعه تطبیقی سنگ نگاره های گورستانی خانواده کلانترهای این ناحیه و مصاحبه با افراد آگاه از مسائل منطقه، این موضوع را بررسی کرده است.Examining the Changes in the Sheriffs of the Mamasani Javid Tribe in the Qajar Period Based on New Local Documents and Cemetery Petroglyphs
The Javid tribe is one of the four tribes of the Lor Mamasani Union of Fars. This clan lived with Rostam, Dushman Ziyari, and Bekash clans in the northwest of Fars. Their tasks were leadership, cohesion, and support of the public in political and social developments. The management system among them somehow showed the tribe's management style in this union. This system always underwent changes due to reasons, such as the competition for the post of sheriffdom and involvement of central government agents in the selection of sheriffs. Considering the importance of changing the sheriffs of the Javid clan and people’s actions in the mentioned region in the socio-political stances of the Mamasani tribe and the way the events were influenced by their actions, this research aimed to investigate the influence of government officials in the process of changing the sheriffs of the Javid tribe and the people’s reactions. Regarding these governmental changes during the Qajar period, Javid intended to answer this question: which people or families in the post of sheriffdom underwent a rise and fall caused by the change of sheriffs in Javid tribe? The research investigated this issue based on a library method with the help of new documents belonging to some local families and through the comparative study of the gravestones of the families of the management station in this area and interviews with people, who were knowledgeable about the issues of the area. Introduction Throughout history, the tribes and nomadic population of Iran have always been a significant part of Iranian society. Until the middle of the 14 th century of Hijri, it included about a quarter of Iran's population. They played an effective role in many political, social, and economic developments. Most of the Iranian governments during the Islamic period were formed by these people. In the contemporary period, tribes have played a major role in political, social, and economic events. The most important reason for this was the tribal military power based on mutual relations between local leaders and common people. In the social structure of tribes, local leaders, Kodkhodayans and Rish Sefids, were the first core of leadership in adopting the strategies and decisions of Ili support. Other classes that played a more social mobilization role in tribal reactions were placed in lower ranks. In this regard, it should be said that when the local leaders moved against the public interests in pursuit of their personal interests, the local social contexts were put in a reactive position and then moved out of the reactive position. Through this collective movement, they adopted a single political behavior based on tribal or regional reaction to achieve cohesion by not following the tribal leaders. The tribal movements of some clans of Mamsani tribe against the Qajar government were a function of such tribal actions. Based on this, the set of conflicts between the governments and the Memsani tribes and tribes caused confrontations with the central government and conflicts between these tribal communities and the policies that the rulers adopted to monitor them. The election of sheriffs in Taifah Javed from among the most influential khans in political, military, economic, and social terms was done by government agents. In fact, the sheriff was the "khan" of the khans and people of every tribe. In Mamsani clans, sheriffs were often appointed. Also, there was no clerical position in this tribe, while its absence was considered a major social political weakness of the tribe system because this structure led to the selection of a single leadership for making the unity and cohesion of the said tribe against external threats and solving problems and disputes within the tribe. Moreover, the security of this province could be ensured. The reason for the absence of the position of Ilkhani in the Mamsani tribe was the policy approach of the Qajar and British governments for leading the collapse of the cohesion and unity of the Mamsani tribe. This disconnection caused overlapping of the language, race, and culture of the Mamseni region with those of the surrounding areas, as well as differences and rivalries within the tribes. Materials and Methods In this study, library, documentary, and field study methods were used to explain changes of the sheriffs of the Mamasani Javid tribe in the Qajar period based on new local documents and cemetery petroglyphs. To this aim, the researchers used private unclassified documents obtained from local informants besides conducting interviews with them. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The results showed that the administration of the Javid clan was centered on Kodkhoda until the time of Baqer Khan during the Zandiya period. The ancestors of the sheriffs of this district had military careers. However, during the Qajar era, the Mamsani clan's police system underwent drastic changes under the influence of such factors as enmity with the central government, intervention of the Bushehri family, and rivalry and conflict with the Qashqai leaders. These changes caused the removal of a large number of sheriffs and dependence of the emerging Khanin. In the Javid tribe, with the murder of Baqir Khan Javidi committed by the people of Javid Leh Leh due to the rebellion against Zandiyeh and possible support of the Qajars, a new generation emerged in the family of the sheriff of this district in the field of sociopolitical developments of the tribe. According to the local documents available to the people of the region and comparison of cemetery petroglyphs, the system of administrative sheriff of the Javid clan changed again to the system of codkhodas with the arrival of Qaid Khosrow and implementation of contracts and management of clan affairs in the hands of Kodkhodas and Rish Sefids later. Of course, the police position of the mentioned family continued its political and social life in a weakened state and was respected by the people. The transfer of properties of Momsani region and Javid clan to Moin al-Tajjar Bushehri and his involvement in the political and social developments of the region caused clan differences, social dissension, and competition of the Kalantari family in the appointment of the director of Ili. These differences led to war, bloodshed, and fratricide in this clan. After the end of the Kadkhodasalary era in the competition of the Khani families to reach power following Shahbazkhani's descendants, the Rostam Khani family entered the managerial position of the clan and Reza Qoli Khan, the son of Azad Khan, was killed in a conspiracy. In the rivalry between the sons of Qaidelhil in the fight between Ismail Khan and Morteza Qoli Khan, this rivalry became more intense. The support of Javid Mahori's Kadkhodas to Morteza Qoli Khan made this conflict and competition more inflamed and finally led to the murder of Morteza Qoli Khan committed by by Ismail Khan. The Qajars repeatedly changed the number of police positions between Ismail Khan and Khan Baba Khan by taking bribes. In Zali Khan's fight with Ismail Khan, these same Qajars once again restored Rostam Khan's descendants to power. As mentioned, the occasional support of the Bushehari family, as well as their discord, led to the split of the Javed clan into two factions, Mahori and Leh. The removal of Iskandar Khan from the circle of power and competition and the leadership of Khalil Khan over the Mahori clan and Fethullah Khan over the Javed Lelah section made the beginning of a social break in the Javid clan. This separation made the future of this clan face a dark horizon when faced with issues, such as British agents, Qajar government agents, and Qashqai leaders.
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