مطالعه پیکرک های زنانه عصر مفرغ شوش از منظر ریخت شناسی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تولیدات کاربردی و هنری ایران در عصر مفرغ توسعه پیدا کرده بود. شوش نیز در این دوره از تحول و توسعه چشمگیری برخوردار شده بود. شیوه تندیس گری در شوش از حدود نیمه ی دوم هزاره سوم ق.م شروع شد. پیکرک تراشی شوش شامل پیکرک های حیوانی و انسانی است. تعداد پیکرک های زنان نسبت به مردان بیشتر است. تندیسک های زنانه در اوایل عصر مفرغ متأثر از دوره متأخر(مس و سنگ) بوده و از حالت انتزاعی به سوی واقع گرایی تحول پیدا نموده اند. ساخت پیکرک های زنانه به عنوان نمادهای تولیدمثل، مادرانه و پیشکش دارای کاربرد و تنوع ظاهری بیشتری بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش پاسخ دادن به پرسش مطرح شده می-باشد: سیر تحول پیکرک های زنانه در شوش از منظر ریخت شناسی چگونه بوده است؟ پیکرک ها در ابتدا به صورت ابتدایی و بدوی ساخته شده اند و به لحاظ باورها و اعتقادات، اغراق هایی در برجسته سازی نمادها و نشانه های زنانه پیکرک های برهنه انجام شده است. تندیسک های پوشیده ای نیز وجود دارند که با دقت در جزییات اجزای بدن، صورت، آرایش مو، جواهرات و لباس های منقوش همراه با اصول و شناخت اندام انسانی به حالتی واقعگرایانه ساخته شده اند. این موضوع به اهمیت جایگاه زن در تمدن شوش عصر مفرغ اشاره دارد. پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده های کتابخانه ای انجام شده است.Study female statues in Bronze Age of Susa from the morphological perspective
The Bronze Age was the most important age in the past history this age had main and important position in the ancient Iran. This age was coincided with the Elamite civilization in which had placed from the beginning of the Elamite’s age to amidst of the middle Elamite’s age three thousand and one hundred to one thousand and two hundred and fifty before Crist. In this age, Susa was the governmental capital of Elamite. This city had main evolution and development in Bronze Age. The Sculpture method had begun in second half of third before Crist in the Susa. Graving sculpture includes animal and human statues and the human statues has been discussed in this research. in the series of human statues, the number of female statues are more than male statues. At the beginning of Bronze Age, The female statues had affected by recent age (Chalcolithic) and had developed from abstract condition to realism. These statues had been built by using mud in the abstraction and metaphorical method. These statues had no head but the status’s hands and feet had been referred. Also some nodes had been added to these statues and maliebrity lines had been graved. These female statues as symbol of breeding, motherly, religion and ritual ceremony and token for god has had more usage than male statues. How was the development process of female statues in Susa from the view point of morphology? Because of existence of beliefs and credence, there were ostensive exaggeration in the accentuating female’s symbols and signs in the naked statues. The naked statues have been built in two forms of abstract- elementary and the realism. The building process of statues were elementary and formic to humanist statues, had been done very fast. In a collection of the naked statues in which they had exiguity secrecy, the emphases had been done on the nodes, had been displayed with more exaggeration. The form of status’s hands to their breast has been referred to the fertility god. In the next step, the naked statues had changed to the direction of the covert statues which has been built and designed with delicacy and subtlety and has been produced carefully to show the detail of the component of the body, the face, the hair dressing, the jewelry and the graved dress with doctrine and recognition of the human anatomy. Also in collection of covert statues, there are the statues which had been molded and shaped of kings and queens. In these realism statues the propriety of the human anatomy has been regarded the details of the textile of dresses, the types of arrangement of face, the hair dressing has also been built with delicacy and carefully. In all of these statues the way of the respect and the worship and the adoration has been displayed. All statements has been referred to importance of the position, the role of the women in the Bronze Age at the Susa society. This research done in descriptive-analytic method, the library data resources has been used.
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