argument

One integral constituent of argumentative writing is the capability of drawing upon relevant evidence to endorse an argument, a practice that itself necessitates elaborate reading and writing processes. Taking the position that writing can be an important skill to foster knowledge building pedagogy; this article explores changes made to argumentation behavior in L2 essay writing composed by two groups of language learners attending an integrated writing course. Thirty-one language learners as participants of the experimental group used two popular news mobile applications online and offline for reading as a pre-task activity that made them outperform their counterparts in the control group in terms of using factual evidence, namely statistics, incidence, findings, and quotations. The statistical analyses disclosed a significant difference in the overall writing ability of the two groups in the experimental group’s favor. This outperformance partly resulted from richer content presentation in essays written by those who had read through mobile news applications and used more facts in their essays. Findings of the present paper can shed new light on how to utilize digital materials for the purpose of enriching EFL writing content.

Contrary to what has been stated in most accounts that Hume intends to make arguments against the existence of God, he aims to attack the claim that religious propositions can be argued; not completely reject these propositions. He considers these propositions epistemologically outside of human knowledge but ontologically accepts the existence of God. With such a view, we can dismiss atheistic-agnostic interpretations and relate him to a kind of mysticism. The key to deciding whether or not Hume is a mystic is to determine what criteria we have to consider someone a mystic. Two very influential components here are (1) the belief in the existence of God;  (2) the belief that the existence of God is far from our usual reasoning (antirational or irrational).And the second component is enough to call someone like Wittgenstein a fideist. We claim that there is clear evidence of these components in Hume’s works; therefore, what reason do we have to remove Hume from the circle of fideism and mysticism? In this study, after an introduction to the concept and types of fideism, we show that Hume , based on his works, surpasses skepticism and manifests a special kind of fideism.While there is an emphasis on the mystery of the proposition that God exists, he combines Christian faith, in aform that is inseparable from illogical and mysterious propositions such as the incarnation of God. Thus, Hume can be called a Christian mystic.

The functions of the intellect - which is one of the topics raised in the field of epistemology - are the activities and effects that the intellect performs in acquiring knowledge and recognizing objects and facts. The purpose of this research is to know the various functions of philosophical intellect and their application in the births and innovations of Islamic philosophy. This article has been made using analytical and argumentative strategies and document methods, logical and syllogistic analysis. The functions of intellect in philosophy should not be considered exclusive to its argumentative function. Philosophical intellect has various functions, and in order to know the differences of Islamic philosophy from other philosophical schools and to continue the growth of Islamic philosophy, we must pay attention to all these functions. The functions of philosophical intellect include imaginations perception, finding universal concepts, dividing concepts; combining concepts; making new concepts; building coherence between related objects, imaginations or affirmations; to affirm; questioning; description; explanation; interpretation; analysis; reasoning; ideation; theorizing; And the criticism that the application of the mentioned functions in Islamic philosophy has led to many births, such as the presentation of some divisions of existence by Islamic philosophers, the conceptualization of the perpetual origination by Mir Damad, the presentation of the problem of mental existence byFakhr al-Din al-Razi, a new reading of Plato's political philosophy by Farabi, the analysis of how existence Generalities by Avicenna, evidences proving the originality of existence, the supreme spacious of energy by Allameh Tabataba'i, Suhrawardi's illuminated metaphysical theory, etc.