safety

Nowadays, enhancing the aspects of tourism industry is considering as one of the most important pillars of countries financial improvement. While urban spaces in different cities of Iran have wide verity of cultural and historical attractions which can attract considerable number of tourists to these cities, they have not meet special needs of tourists and as an obvious result these attractions could not play their key role in approaching to economical sustainability. One of the most important urban tourism attractions is historical pedestrian paths, which can have significant effect in enhancing tourists’ embracement of visiting path’s surrounded attractions if their qualities are improved. In this essay, the pedestrian paths’ qualities are introduced and "security and safety" and "readability" qualities are selected as the most important urban qualities in eliminating these paths from “must-see list” for tourist thorough analyzing questionaries’ data. Then, as the role of different urban maps (on-line, off-line and printed maps) in improving readability and safety qualities have been proved, the efficiency of these maps evaluated and their weakness and strength points investigated.

The primary purpose of this research is to inves tigate the effect of land-use spatial configuration and s treet network s tructure on people's mental safety in local contexts. A review of various theoretical frameworks demons trates a feasible causal relationship between morphology and the psychological dimension of safety. Hence, this paper emphasizes the assessment of the effect of urban land configuration, which influences the movement behavior of residents, on the psychological safety of residents of mahallas is. This research begins with a review of the literature to identify the gap in the theoretical literature and carry out the problem-finding to obtain an analytical model of research to examine the proximity of uses introduced in three types of proximity. Then, parameters will be evaluated in this framework using the software.  The research inves tigates variables' interactions based on Space Syntax, spatial parameters of connectivity value, spatial integration/segregation, attractive uses, movement behavior, density, and mahallas' main and peripheral centers. The results indicate that the safety of urban areas depends on how uses are located and, consequently, on the movement behavior of users'. The comparison of the two mahallas showed that compared to Bazar, Manzarie offers a better arrangement of uses in the inner axes and sub-nodes. It es tablishes an appropriate spatial relationship between its various gravity points, thus bringing about various movement behaviors. Therefore, it displaces more people in the axes connecting different uses, allowing surveillance and spatial dynamics.

INTRUDUCTION: Staff of medical centers, who are saviors of accident victims, face risks at work that may even lose their lives. Although different criteria have been used in different studies, the performance of medical centers in terms of health, safety, and environment (HSE) management has not been evaluated. Therefore, the extraction, grouping, and prioritization of the HSE management assessment criteria of medical centers were performed in the present study. METHODS: Using the systematic method, following examining the most important methods, the criteria and sub-criteria associated with the HSE management of the medical centers were extracted, grouped and prioritized using the opinions of experts. The entropy method was employed to analyze the criteria. FINDINGDS: Total of 33 criteria and 166 sub-criteria were extracted which from them the criteria of operation control, risk management, and resource management had the highest repetition in the performance assessment methods. Finally, the cases were classified in 13 criteria and 35 sub-criteria, and the criteria of strategic management and compliance with laws and regulations were of the highest importance from the viewpoint of the study experts.

INTRODUCTION: Fires in residential buildings, commercial complexes, and small and large industries cause a lot of financial, human, and environmental damage in different communities annually. This study is conducted with the aim to evaluate the fire risk in the selected commercial buildings in Mashhad, Iran. METHODS: This was a descriptive-cross-sectional and applied study conducted in the spring of 2019 on 10 separate commercial buildings in Mashhad. First, the necessary checklists for fire risk assessment from the NFPA 101 standard were prepared and compiled by the researcher, and the necessary information was completed according to the field surveys and obtaining the urban planning documents of the buildings. The information collected was then analyzed in the Computerized Fire Safety Evaluation System (CFSES) software for final evaluation of the buildings. FINDINGS: In general, the total number of commercial buildings examined (10 cases) was in an unacceptable condition in all three areas of fire risk, including the fire control, exit, and general safety aspects. In addition, the fire risk situation in older buildings (5 cases) was worse than in new buildings (5 cases). CONCLUSION: The fire risk assessment score of the commercial buildings studied in terms of fire control, exit route, and general safety aspects was unacceptable and none of the buildings evaluated obtained the minimum safety score in these three aspects. Therefore, to improve fire safety in commercial buildings, valid fire safety regulations and standards, including NFPA 101, must be observed to prevent fire accidents and irreparable financial and human losses.

INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive healthcare centers should be able to provide primary healthcare services during disasters; therefore, it is necessary to assess their safety and preparedness to ensure that they can have acceptable functionality in critical situations. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the level of safety and disaster preparedness of comprehensive healthcare centers in Babol, Iran. METHODS: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 to investigate the safety level and disaster preparedness of 232 comprehensive healthcare centers in Babol, using observation and checklists. The used checklist consisted of three parts, namely functional, structural, and non-structural safety assessment. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. FINDINGS: Based on the data analysis, the studied centers were more prone to weather hazards than other types of disasters. Moreover, the evaluation of the different aspects of the functionality of the centers showed that the best functionality was observed in firefighting, provision of the environmental health services, organization and structure, and provision of infectious disease management services, in that order. The non-structural safety obtained the highest average score (37.49) while the scores of functional and structural safety were 21.76 and 9.27, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, all the studied comprehensive healthcare centers had a moderate level of structure and functional safety, while no center had a completely desirable level. Therefore, it is recommended to develop proper plans and monitor the comprehensive healthcare centers to eliminate their defects and improve the level of their safety.