زهرا مداحی

Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and various methods introduced to measure accounting values, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of these theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decided to analyze sociology from theories. To achieve this goal, we used the content analysis method. In this way, first by examining the schools and theories of sociology and the main paradigm of positivism, interpretiveness, identification and components that were the characteristics of these paradigms were extracted and categorized from the themes and then the outputs were approved by sociology professors. And then accounting measurement theories and various theories using the method of taking notes from books and texts and articles extracted and sociological components in the context of accounting theories are searched and analyzed and at the end of accounting theories according to The extracted themes and their analytical codes are classified and analyzed and interpreted based on the obtained results. The results of the analysis of themes, new theories of accounting measurement tend to interpretism in which the role of the accountant is more prominent and historical cost theory is classified as a positivist sociological theory.

Study of volatility has been considered by the academics and decision makers dur-ing two last decades. First since the volatility has been a risk criterion it has been used by many decision makers and activists in capital market. Over the years it has been of more importance because of the effect of volatility on economy and capital markets stability for stocks, bonds, and foreign exchange markets. This research first deals with the evaluation of 8 various models to forecasting volatility of stock index using daily data of Tehran stock exchange. The used models include simple ones such as random walk as well as more complex models like Arch and Garch group. Forecasting volatility index method is developed in this paper. This method is based a random walk using a fuzzy logic approach. This method is used to fore-casting volatility of Iran stock exchange index. The proposed method is assessed by comparing other methods such as Moving Average, Random walk… Results show that our proposed method is compatible with existent methods.