رابطه میان بازی دهنده عروسک و عروسک -شی بر اساس نظریه «قدرت» فوکو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
میشل فوکو یکی از برجسته ترین اندیشمندان قرن بیستم است که مفهوم نوینی از واژه قدرت را ارائه داده و از تعاریف رایج آن فاصله می گیرد. به باور او قدرت متعلق به طبقه خاصی نبوده و کنشی دوطرفه است که در همه سطوح جامعه، ارتباطات و مناسبات جریان داشته و همه افراد را در هر سطحی درگیر می کند. هنر عروسکی از گونه های مهم هنر تئاتر به شمار می رود که برای درک و ایجاد ارتباط با مخاطب، تمامی تلاش خود را بر پایه باورپذیری عنصر بی جان خود، یعنی عروسک شیء بنا می گذارد؛ به همین دلیل یک نمایشگر عروسکی جهت زنده نشان دادن عروسک شیء در ارتباطی فراتر از تعاریف متداول با یک شیء قرار می گیرد و با تغییر ماهیت با استفاده از قوای ذهنی و فیزیکی خود، به آن جان می بخشد.در این پژوهش سعی بر آن است تا با بررسی مفهوم قدرت از دیدگاه فوکو به ایجاد این ارتباط میان بازی دهنده عروسک و عروسک شیء پرداخته شود. همچنین پرسش اصلی این پژوهش این است که بر اساس نظریه قدرت فوکو رابطه میان عروسک شیء و بازی دهنده آن چگونه بوده و این مفهوم چه تأثیری بر این رابطه دارد؟مؤلف ابتدا به بررسی مقوله قدرت بر اساس نظریه فوکو و سپس به ارتباط میان بازی دهنده عروسک با عروسک شیء پرداخته و در پایان نظریه قدرت را با ارتباط میان بازی دهنده عروسک و عروسک شیء تطبیق می دهد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که میان انسان و عروسک شیء به دلیل جان بخشی و تظاهر به جاندار بودن آن توسط بازی دهنده بر روی صحنه، قدرت سیال موجود در طبقات مختلف اجتماعی تأثیر داشته و هر دو از آن تبعیت می کنند، تا جایی که عدم ایجاد تعامل قدرت و به هم خوردن توازن دوسویه آن بین این دو عنصر، می تواند عروسک شیء را از هدف اصلی خود دور و قرارداد زنده بودن عروسک را در نزد مخاطب برهم زند و عروسک را (در صورت شیء بودن) تبدیل به همان اشیای روزمره مورد استفاده انسان کند. این مقاله توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و به صورت کتابخانه ای و بر اساس پژوهش های صورت گرفته توسط پژوهشگران حوزه جامعه شناسی و هنر عروسکی انجام شده است.The relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object based on Foucault's "power" theory
Michel Foucault, one of the most prominent thinkers of the 20th century, presented a new concept of power differing from its common definitions. In his view, power does not belong to a specific class and is a two-way action that takes place at all levels of society, communication, and relationships, and all people are present in this wide network. Puppet art which is considered to be one of the important types of theater art, to understand and create a relationship with the audience, builds all its efforts on the believability of its inanimate element, the puppet object, and the puppet show is used to show that the puppet is alive, and the puppeteer is defined in a relationship beyond the common definitions of an object and in two-way communication with his tools, using his mental and physical powers gives life to it.In this research, it is intended to investigate the concept of power from Foucault's point of view. This is to establish the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet object. Also, the main question of this research, based on Foucault's theory of power is “how is the relationship between the puppet-object and its player, and what effect does this concept have on this relationship? The author first examines the category of power based on Foucault's theory, then examines the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object, and finally she adapts the theory to the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object. Based on the results of this research, it is showed that the fluid power existing in different social classes exists between the puppeteer and the puppet-object since it is animated and pretended to be alive on the stage. Failure to create a two-way power interaction in this relationship, as well as disrupting its balance, can take the doll-object away from its main purpose and break the agreement that the puppet is alive in the eyes of the audience and turn the puppet-object into everyday objects. This article is descriptive-analytical and has been done in library form and based on the research done by researchers in the field of sociology and puppetry.In this research, it is intended to investigate the concept of power from Foucault's point of view. This is to establish the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object. Also, the main question of this research, based on Foucault's theory of power, how is the relationship between the puppet-object and its player, and what effect does this concept have on this relationship?The author first examines the category of power based on Foucault's theory, then examines the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object, and finally she adapts the theory to the relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-object.Based on the results of this research, it is showed that the fluid power existing in different social classes is existed between the puppeteer and the puppet-object due to its animating and pretending to be alive on the stage, and both obeyed it. Failure to create a two-way power interaction in this relationship, as well as disrupting its balance, can take the doll-object away from its main purpose and break the agreement that the puppet is alive in the eyes of the audience and turn the puppet-object into everyday objects. This article is descriptive-analytical and has been done in library form and based on the researches done by researchers in the field of sociology and puppetry.
تبلیغات
