جایگاه هنرهای تجسمی در تمدن اسلامی و تأثیر آن بر هنرهای تمدن های دیگر
آرشیو
چکیده
هنر، به ویژه هنرهای تجسمی در تمدن اسلامی و اثرگذاری آن بر فرهنگ ها و تمدن های دیگر، یکی از عرصه هایی است که کمتر مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفته است. از این رو لازم است پژوهشی صورت بگیرد تا ابعاد این موضوع به شکل ملموسی روشن شود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تاریخچه و تبلور هنرهای تجسمی و کاربرد این نوع از هنر پرداخته شود. از این رو در این تحقیق مسئله این است که هنر، به ویژه هنرهای تجسمی چه جایگاهی در تمدن اسلامی دارد؟ هنرهای تجسمی به چه میزان در توسعه و پیشرفت تمدن اسلامی نقش داشته اند؟ و هنرهای تجسمی به چه میزان در فرهنگ و تمدن های دیگر تأثیرگذار بوده است؟ این پژوهش، با اشاره به جلوه هایی از هنرهای تجسمی، با استفاده از نظرات دانشمندان در دو حوزه اسلام و غرب و با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی و روش گردآوری مطالب آن بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای صورت گرفته است. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات این پژوهش با روش کیفی انجام شده است. در این پژوهش روشن خواهد شد هنر های تجسمی در عرصه های مختلف تمدن اسلامی جایگاهی برجسته دارد و همچنین روشن خواهد شد که به ویژه هنرهای تجسمی نه تنها با بازسازی و تکمیل عناصر هنری سبب پویایی و پیشرفت تمدن اسلامی در عرصه های مختلف هنری شد بلکه در مقاطعی، بر پویایی و پیشرفت هنر در تمدن ها و فرهنگ های دیگر نیز تأثیرگذار بوده است. در این پژوهش این نتیجه به دست می آید که جلوه های مختلفی از هنرهای تجسمی مانند خطاطی و خوشنویسی، نقاشی، موسیقی، قالی بافی، میناکاری و موارد دیگر علاوه بر اینکه سبب پویایی فرهنگ اسلامی شده است، در فرهنگ های دیگر نیز تبلور یافته است.The position of visual arts in Islamic civilization and its influence on the arts of other civilizations
Objectives: In Islamic civilization, some elements and fields have caused the elevation and progress of Islamic civilization and have influenced the dynamics and progress of those elements in other civilizations and cultures. The field of art is one of these fields that has been less discussed. Especially the fact that some of the manifestations of Islamic art, without any history in other civilizations, are related to high knowledge that does not exist in any religion and civilization, and therefore visual arts have been able to introduce advance, and the development of Islamic civilization an effective application. The art of calligraphy, painting, enameling, carpet weaving, and sculpture are among the effective visual arts that play an effective role in Islamic culture, art, and civilization. Of course, colors, decorations, geometric shapes, visual effects, and even architecture, urban planning, and many other artistic elements are among the visual arts that are usually neglected or sidelined by highlighting other topics. have been driven, in this research, in addition to examining the history and crystallization of visual arts and the application of this type of art in Islamic civilization, it will be answered that even according to Western scholars, Islamic art brought a new and new way of interpretation to its followers and the Muslim artist in all the works he creates, he displays the spirit of the new religion and its civilization. It also created some unique effects that even today, despite its remarkable progress, Western civilization benefits from these artistic fronts.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the history and crystallization of visual arts and the application of this type of art. Therefore, in this research, the question is, what is the place of art, especially visual arts, in Islamic civilization? To what extent have visual arts played a role in the development and progress of Islamic civilization? And to what extent have visual arts been influential in other cultures and civilizations?Research background: Many writings and works have been organized in the field of art and its role in Islamic civilization, but there is less writing about the subject of this article.The book "History of Art in Islamic Civilization" written by Hassan Bolkhari Qahi (1388), mentions the brief history of two top Islamic disciplines, namely architecture and music, with philosophical and mystical approaches. This book consists of three parts with the titles of the history of music in Islamic civilization, the history of architecture in Islamic civilization, and the mystical foundations of Islamic art. The third part is a response to one of the professors at Harvard University who criticized the foundations of Islamic art. The book "The Shape of Islamic Art" written by Aleg Grabar (1396) and translated by Mehdi Golchin Arefi in 398 pages was published by Sina Publishing House. Islam's view of art, religious art of Islam, mosque, court art, city art, advanced Islamic decorations, a concept called arabesque, and the formation of Islamic art are the topics of this book. Another article, the article "The Image of Art in Islamic Civilization" written by Abbas Rahbari and Maryam Kalhori (1394), in the Second International Congress of Culture and Religious Thought in 1394, has expressed the concept of art and Islamic civilization and shows that great artists And scientists have made a lot of efforts in the field of art, and Islamic civilization reached its peak in the field of art and artists, and it was displayed in the best way from Bukhara to Córdoba in Spain. The writings that were mentioned, as well as many other writings and articles that are organized with similar titles or exist on the Internet, none of them are related to the subject of art from the perspective of the role of visual arts, which is the subject of this writing. They have not paid.Research method: This research, referring to the manifestations of visual arts, has been carried out by using the opinions of scientists in the two fields of Islam and the West, and with the descriptive-analytical method and the method of collecting its contents based on library studies. The data analysis of this research was done with a qualitative method.Findings: It will be clear that visual arts have a prominent position in various fields of Islamic civilization and it will also be clear that especially visual arts not only by renovating and completing artistic elements cause the dynamism and progress of Islamic civilization in various fields. It became artistic, but at times, it has also influenced the dynamics and progress of art in other civilizations and cultures.Conclusion: From all the discussions that were raised, the conclusion is that art, especially sublime and sacred art, has been associated with Islam since the beginning of Islam and with the revelation of revelation in the form of words, and later periods due to its importance and prominent position. The one whom Islam and Islamic civilization valued for art, especially visual arts, created special and pure effects in various artistic fields, which in some cases have not been matched until today. The function of art as a pillar of civilization and civility, both caused the dynamism and progress of Islamic civilization and was able to influence other cultures, including Western culture, and created some unique effects that even today Western civilization. The existence of its significant progress benefits from these artistic fronts. This is even though Islamic art has been able to maintain its strength and power with its characteristics and in some cases, influence the art of other cultures. Features such as the centrality of Islamic art on the oneness and oneness of God, avoiding the embodiment and representation of sensations and the desire for abstraction and spirituality, and as a result, providing the basis for the growth of imagination and spiritual inspirations, glorification and expression of indestructibility and inexhaustibility. , great precision and total skill to the point of miracle, looking at art like worship, ambition, creation of the most delicate decorations that are a drawing of infinity with their endless repetitions, the beauty of Arabic calligraphy that amazes the viewer. Slowness, having the right to freedom of expression, and diversity of arts, some of which were discussed in the text of the research, are among the mentioned characteristics.
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