تحلیل مؤلفه های بازآفرینی پایدار شهری در محلات شمالی بافت تاریخی - فرهنگی تبریز با رویکرد انسجام و پیوستگی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بافت های تاریخی- فرهنگی به واسطه ویژگی های باارزش خود از سایر بافت های شهری متمایز هستند؛ اما اغلب به دلیل عدم انطباق با سرعت تغییر نیازهای ساکنین وارد فرایند فرسودگی می شوند. همین امر لزوم بازآفرینی را در بافت های تاریخی تأیید می کند. روش پژوهش حاضر براساس هدف، کاربردی و براساس ماهیت، توصیفی -تحلیلی محسوب می شود و با استفاده از ابزارهای کتابخانه ای و نیز بررسی های میدانی در قالب توزیع پرسشنامه (384 نفر) انجام شده است. شیوه ی نمونه گیری، تصادفی ساده است. برای سنجش اعتبار، از نوع اعتبار محتوا و برای ارزیابی متغیرهای تحقیق و پایایی سؤالات از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده که با مقدار 904/0، برآورد شده است. برای سنجش وضعیت پایداری از 5 مؤلفه کالبدی، اجتماعی – فرهنگی، اقتصادی، زیست محیطی ، پیوستگی و انسجام فضایی در قالب62 شاخص ترکیبی استفاده شده است. جهت تعیین وزن هریک از شاخصها از مدل تحلیل شبکه (ANP) ، جهت تجزیه و تحلیل شاخص ها از مدل های t-test ، کداس(CODAS) و از آزمون تحلیل مسیر(Path Analysis) استفاده شده است و از نرم افزارهای Decisions Super،SPSS ،Excel ،Lisrel و از طیف لیکرت بهره گرفته شده است و نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تمامی معیارها در این محدوده پایین تر از حد متوسط لیکرت و میزان ضرایب تاثیرعوامل موثر در بازآفرینی پایدار شهری در محدوده مورد مطالعه؛ عوامل پیوستگی و انسجام فضایی 60/0 ، عوامل زیست محیطی 55/0 عوامل اجتماعی 38/0 ، عوامل اقتصادی 27/0 و در نهایت کالبدی برابر با 16/0 است.Analysis of the Components of Sustainable Urban Regeneration in the Northern Neighborhoods of the Historical-Cultural Parts of Tabriz using Unity and Cohesion Approach
Extended Abstract
Introduction
It is viewed that lack of a plan for the historical-cultural structures based on the rules and regulations of urban development has one of the main issues that has destroyed the stability of the northern neighborhoods of the structures in Tabriz. The next issue is unplanned interventions. The density of urban tissues in this city has increased over the past decades, and the change of uses has ignored valuable historical-cultural uses and has added to current problems. Moreover, the hierarchy of communication networks does not correspond with the density and existing uses. If the current trends continue, the integrity of the historical-cultural regions of the northern part of Tabriz will gradually vanish, because the livelihood methods change and it impacts the areas. Other issues that will worsen the situation are the failure to maintain the balance between the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the historical and cultural texture of these localities. The inefficiency of the localities intensifies the condition day by day. Moreover, as long as urban projects focus on constructions that only fulfill the economic demands of people and ignore the long-term needs of citizens, the possibility of maintaining and creating lively neighborhoods and sustainable communities is impossible. In such situation, the families with high financial power and are viewed as the main drivers of urban development and regeneration, leave the neighborhoods. So, these neighborhoods lost their meaning and role as a factors that help establishing the social identity, and consequently the instability of the texture is intensified.
Method
A descriptive-analytical method was used for this applied research. To collect the data common library tools and questionnaire were used. Moreover, simple random sampling was applied to select the respondents, and content validity was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. For doing this, the opinion of researchers and experts in the field of urban issues were considered. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the variables and the reliability of the questions, which was estimated to be more than 0.7 with a value of 0.904. To measure the sustainability, physical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental and spatial continuity and cohesion elements were used, combined into 62 indicators. Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to measure the weight of the indicators, t-test was used for analyzing and evaluating the status of the indicators, Kodas technique was used for ranking the indicators, and Path Analysis was used for examining the effective factors in sustainable urban renewal. Moreover, Decisions Super, SPSS, LISREL, and Excel software were applied in this study.
Discussion and conclusion
In this study 19.42% of the participants were female and 57.81% were male. The biggest group of respondents were between the 25-35 years old (29.69%). Regarding the activity status, most activities belong to in the free groups (32.03%). T-test was used for analyzing the indicators of sustainable urban regeneration, and from the participants’ perspective, the physical indicator is at a level lower than the average level of the Likert scale (2.36) in terms of sustainability. The only physical standard indicator that is above the average is the indicator related to satisfaction with accessibility to religious services (3.4). Moreover, the participants evaluated the level of socio-cultural sustainability regarding the urban regeneration in the studied area, lower than the average of the Likert scale (2.25). According to them, the indicators of socio-cultural criterion higher than the average are indicators benefiting each other and respecting the values (2.14) that are rooted in our religion and civilization, and the sense of belonging to the neighborhood (3.15). To the participants, the economic criterion is also at an average level (2.97) and the environmental indicators and spatial unity are at an unsuitable level (2.42).
Moreover, the results of Kodas technique showed that the effective thing in planning the studied area regarding urban regeneration based on the selected indicators of this study is evenness of the appearance of the neighborhood regarding land use is (first rank). The factors effective in the regeneration of the studied area are spatial unity factors (0.60), environmental factors (0.55), social factors (0.38), economic factors (0.27) and physical factors (0.18).
Conclusion
Recently many issues have caused various ineffectiveness in urbanism such as the lack of coordination and cooperation among policy-making organizations, the partial initiatives of some institutions and the interference between their duties when there is not a comprehensive attitude towards urban planning. If the current situation does not change, the future of cities is in danger. The issue historical-cultural sites of cities is a complicated and multi-dimensional issue and many variables of the issue cannot be actually evaluated. So, any activities or evaluations on these parts should be done considering many aspects. This study investigated the historical-cultural parts of the northern neighborhoods of Tabriz. The result showed that various factors have collectively led to the problems of this area, manifested in spatial-physical indicator. Therefore, a combined and comprehensive approach should be taken into account for the recreation of the area. The current situation requires a physical recreation strategy for a short time and a strategy for a long period that increases the economic livability and spatial unity and cohesion.
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