تحلیل تطبیقی قابلیت مطالبه زیان تفویت فرصت ناشی از تاخیر در تادیه پولی در فقه و حقوق (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از نیازهای مهم امروزی که قواعد فقهی و حقوقی باید به آن پاسخ دهند، مطالبه زیان هایی است که به دلیل تأخیر یا عدم انجام تعهد، منتهی به از دست دادن فرصت تحصیل منفعت و یا دفع ضرری محتمل و مربوط به آینده می شود. درگذشته بسیاری از حقوق دانان بر این عقیده بودند که فقط زیان هایی قابل مطالبه است که قطعی بوده باشد و به دلیل آنکه فرصت تحصیل منفعت و یا اجتناب از ضرر آینده به مرحله قطعیت درنیامده، زیان های ناشی از این گونه موارد، قابلیت مطالبه را ندارد. البته، بررسی های صورت گرفته در آثار حقوق دانان نشان می دهد که امروزه دیگر در قابلیت مطالبه و جبران خسارت ناشی از تفویت فرصت اتفاق نظر وجود دارد. بر همین اساس این نوشتار کوشیده است تا با روش توصیفی تحلیلی اثبات نماید که نه تنها ازمدلولِ قواعد متعدد فقهی ازجمله «لاضرر» و «اتلاف» می توان زیان تفویت فرصت ناشی از تأخیر در تادیه دین پولی را قابل مطالبه دانست، بلکه رویکرد سال های اخیر دیوان عالی کشور و عمومات و اصول حقوقی حاکم بر مسئولیت مدنی، ازجمله اصل جبران کامل خسارات نیز دلالت بر همین امر دارد.Jurisprudence and Legal Analysis of the Ability to Claim Loss of Opportunity Due to Delay in Payment of Monetary Debt (Common Currency)
One of today's important needs that jurisprudence and legal rules must respond to is the demand for damages that, due to the delay or non-fulfillment of the obligation by the oblige, lead to the loss of the opportunity to gain benefits or the occurrence of possible future losses for the obligee. Undertakes In the past, many jurists were of the opinion that only certain losses can be claimed, and because the opportunity to gain benefits or avoid future losses has not reached the certainty stage, the losses resulting from such cases cannot be claimed. does not have However, the investigations carried out in the works of jurists show that nowadays there is a consensus on the ability to claim and compensate for the loss of opportunity. Based on this, this article has tried to prove with a descriptive and analytical method that not only due to several jurisprudential rules such as "harmless" and "waste", the loss caused by the loss of the opportunity to delay the payment of monetary obligations can be claimed, but the approach of the year The recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the country and the generality and legal principles governing civil liability, including the principle of full compensation for damages, also indicate this.t can also be concluded from the legal principles and provisions of the mentioned unanimity votes that, contrary to the current opinion, the damages for the delay in payment of cash are allocated to the same item specified in Article 522 of the Civil Procedure Law and it does not have a determining index and it seems that the legislator in the said article merely The minimum damages are predicted and the oblige has the possibility to demand all customary damages. The doubt that may be raised regarding the possibility of claiming damages for the delay in payment due to the loss of opportunity and the ability to collect it with the damage caused by inflation is that by accepting this point of view, the situation of the injured party will be better than before the loss, which should be said to dispel this doubt. According to the accepted way of compensation, usually the amount of compensation is not equivalent to the amount of actual damages caused to the victim and depends on the amount of lost luck and opportunity, although in the evaluation of the amount of damage, the future benefit and the degree of its probability are taken into consideration.
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