تأثیر پیچیدگی اقتصادی و اقتصادسایه بر نابرابری درآمد در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری و توسعۀ اقتصادی(OECD) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اگرچه مطالعات مختلفی تأثیر پیچیدگی اقتصادی و اقتصاد سایه را بر نابرابری درآمد بررسی نموده اند، ولی بطور محدودی تأثیر غیرخطی پیچیدگی اقتصادی و اقتصاد سایه بر نابرابری درآمد که نقش مهمی در کاهش مشکلاتی در حوزه های اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی کشورها دارد، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر پیچیدگی اقتصادی و اقتصاد سایه بر نابرابری درآمدی در 29 کشور عضو سازمان همکاری و توسعه اقتصادی (OECD) طی دوره زمانی 1995-2020 است. بدین منظور، ضریب جینی به عنوان شاخص نابرابری درآمد و شاخص پیچیدگی اقتصادی، اقتصاد سایه، تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و باز بودن تجارت، در نظر گرفته شده اند. نتایج حاصل از رویکرد خودتوضیحی با وقفه های گسترده پنل (Panel ARDL) نشان می دهند که با افزایش اقتصاد سایه، نابرابری درآمد ابتدا روند صعودی دارد و بعد از مرحله ای شروع به کاهش می نماید، به عبارت دیگر، رابطه ی U- وارون شکل میان نابرابری درآمدی به عنوان متغیر وابسته و اقتصاد سایه به عنوان متغیر توضیحی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، رابطه U شکل میان نابرابری درآمدی به عنوان متغیر وابسته و پیچیدگی اقتصادی به عنوان متغیر توضیحی وجود دارد. به طوریکه با افزایش پیچیدگی اقتصادی، نابرابری درآمد ابتدا کاهش می یابد و سپس رفته رفته افزایش می یابد. همچنین یافته های تجربی نشان می دهند، باز بودت تجارت موجب کاهش نابرابری درآمدی می شود در حالیکه رشد اقتصادی، نابرابری را افزایش می دهد. بر این اساس پیشنهاد می شود با توجه به پیچیدگی این روابط، سیاستمداران و دولتمردان هنگام تدوین سیاست های مرتبط با توزیع درآمد، وضعیت این دو موضوع (پیچیدگی اقتصادی و اقتصاد سایه) اجتماعی-اقتصادی را در نظر بگیرند.The effect of economic complexity and shadow economy on income inequality in countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Although various studies have examined the effect of economic complexity and the shadow economy on income inequality, the nonlinear effect of economic complexity and the shadow economy on income inequality, which plays an important role in reducing problems in the economic, political and social fields of countries, has been investigated to a limited extent. has taken. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of economic complexity and shadow economy on income inequality in 29 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) during the period of 1995-2020. For this purpose, the Gini coefficient is considered as an index of income inequality and an index of economic complexity, shadow economy, GDP per capita and trade openness. The results obtained from the self-explanatory approach with wide panel breaks (Panel ARDL) show that with the increase of the shadow economy, income inequality first has an upward trend and after a stage it starts to decrease, in other words, an inverted U-relationship. There is a form between income inequality as a dependent variable and shadow economy as an explanatory variable in the studied countries. In addition, there is a U-shaped relationship between income inequality as a dependent variable and economic complexity as an explanatory variable. As economic complexity increases, income inequality first decreases and then gradually increases. Also, empirical findings show that trade openness reduces income inequality, while economic growth increases inequality. Based on this, it is suggested that considering the complexity of these relationships, politicians and statesmen should consider the socio-economic status of these two issues (economic complexity and shadow economy) when formulating policies related to income distribution.Although various studies have examined the effect of economic complexity and the shadow economy on income inequality, the nonlinear effect of economic complexity and the shadow economy on income inequality, which plays an important role in reducing problems in the economic, political and social fields of countries, has been investigated to a limited extent. has taken. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of economic complexity and shadow economy on income inequality in 29 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) during the period of 1995-2020. For this purpose, the Gini coefficient is considered as an index of income inequality and an index of economic complexity, shadow economy, GDP per capita and trade openness. The results obtained from the self-explanatory approach with wide panel breaks (Panel ARDL) show that with the increase of the shadow economy, income inequality first has an upward trend and after a stage it starts to decrease, in other words, an inverted U-relationship. There is a form between income inequality as a dependent variable and shadow economy as an explanatory variable in the studied countries. In addition, there is a U-shaped relationship between income inequality as a dependent variable and economic complexity as an explanatory variable. As economic complexity increases, income inequality first decreases and then gradually increases.
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