تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقاء حکمروایی خوب شهری در شهر شیراز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه اغلب کشورهای مردم سالار با کاربست رویکرد حکمروایی خوب شهری، سعی در تحقق توسعه پایدار شهری دارند. از همین رو، پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد وضعیت مدیریت شهری در ایران را بر مبنای مباحث حکمروایی خوب شهری مورد تحلیل قرار دهد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی تحلیلی و مبتنی بر مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایش میدانی است. شاخص های حکمروایی خوب شهری مشتمل بر 19 شاخص از پژوهش های مرتبط با موضوع این پژوهش استخراج گردیده و از آن ها برای طراحی سؤالات پرسشنامه ای استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق مورداستفاده به صورت کمّی و با استفاده از مدل تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره خطی انجام پذیرفته است. فرایند انتخاب نمونه ها در پژوهش به صورت هدفمند و سیستماتیک بوده و جامعه نمونه ای از میان مراجعین مستمر به دبیرخانه معاونت معماری و شهرسازی شهرداری شیراز انتخاب شده است. خروجی مدل تحلیل عاملی نشان می دهد حکمروایی خوب شهری درگرو ارتقای عوامل «ظرفیت سازی نهادی»، «شفافیت»، «کارایی و اثربخشی»، «مقبولیت عمومی»، «شهروندمداری» و «مشارکت جویی» است و مدل رگرسیون خطی به این مسئله اشاره دارد که دو عامل «کارایی و اثربخشی» و «شفافیت» بیشترین نقش را در تحقق حکمروایی خوب شهری ایفا می نمایند. همچنین در مورد شهرداری شیراز، بیشترین چالش و فاصله تا حصول به حکمروایی خوب در عامل «شهروندمداری» و «ظرفیت سازی نهادی» دیده می شود.Explanation of Good Governance Factors in Shiraz
Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. The concept of "governance" is not new. It is as old as human civilization. Simply put "governance" means: the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). Nowadays, countries claiming democracy are trying to achieve sustainable urban development by applying a new approach called good urban governance. Good governance relates to the political and institutional processes and outcomes that are necessary to achieve the goals of development. The true test of 'good' governance is the degree to which it delivers on the promise of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. The present study tries to analyze the situation of urban management in Iran (Shiraz) based on the issues of good urban governance. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies and field survey. The variables of good urban governance (consisting of 19 variables) were extracted from previous articles and they were used to design questionnaire questions. In this research quantitative and analytical model are used include exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression. The process of selecting samples is purposeful and systematic, and the sample community was selected from among the regular visitors to the secretariat of the architecture and urban planning department of Shiraz municipality. Based on statistical principles and concepts, the number of samples is considered equal to 200 people. In the following, the data obtained from the questionnaires have been entered into the SPSS software. The output of the factor analysis model of good governance in Shiraz shows that it depends on improving the factors of "institutional capacity of organization", "transparency", "efficiency and effectiveness", "public acceptance", "citizenship" and "participation". Findings of this study show a considerable part of good urban governance factors and indicators have significant similarities with each other. But one of the differences that can be seen in this research with similar researches is the emphasis of this research on an important factor under the title of " institutional capacity of organization" in order to apply the concepts and criteria of good urban governance in the structure of local, regional and national governments. This factor emphasizes the important point that with the creation of institutional capacity in the society and the strengthening of non-governmental organizations, the two-way connection between the people and officials, which are the two main pillars of local management and urban development, has been accelerated other Governance factors. The main output of this study indicates that the two factors of "efficiency and effectiveness" and "transparency" play the most important role in achieving good urban governance. Also, in the case of Shiraz Municipality as the main body in the management of this city, the greatest challenge and distance to achieve good governance can be seen in the factor of "citizenship" and "institutional capacity of organization". In the following, some prominent suggestions are presented in order to promote good governance in the city of Shiraz: Changing the attitude of local managers towards city management as a dynamic, continuous process that requires the alignment of the interests of different groups; Facilitating people's presence and participation in city affairs and communication with managers; Increasing the sense of place and belonging through citizen participation in activities such as beautifying the environment; Citizenship education and familiarizing citizens with the concept of citizenship rights.
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