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چکیده

لقد کان العصر العبّاسی یمثّل ثوره ثقافیّه کبیره کانت نتاجاً حتمیّاً لما أصاب الحیاه العربیّه الإسلامیّه الجدیده بسبب التطوّر الکبیر فی الشکل و المضمون معاً، و الّذی کان تعبیراً عن تثاقف العرب مع الأمم الّتی اتّصلوا بها. وکان الأدب ولا یزال هو التّاریخ الحقیقی للتّغیّرات الکبیره الّتی تطرأ علی المجتمعات البشریّه، وتکون المقامه فی الأدبین العربی والفارسی مدخلاً للحوار الثّقافی الّذی هو فی النهایه جذر الحضاره وأغصانها وأثمارها الباقیّه علی مر العصور. وکانت المقامه فی شکلها ومضمونها تعبیراً دقیقاً عن المتغیّرات الکبری فی الحیاه الاجتماعیّه ودلیلاً علی الانصهار الحضاری بین العرب والفرس. یحاول هذا المقال تسلیط الضّوء علی الأسباب الکامنه وراء انحسار فنّ المقامه فی الأدب الفارسی، الأمر الّذی قد یشیر لدی بعض الباحثین إلی عدم رغبه الفرس بلغه المقامه وفنّها، مع ملاحظه انتشار فنّ المقامه فی الأدب العربی وصولاً إلی مطلع القرن العشرین المیلادی، وانقراضه فی العصر الحالی.

Reasons for the spread of Maqama in Arabic literature and its disappearance in the contemporary period and its limitation to Persian literature

The Abbasid era represented a great cultural revolution that was the inevitable result of changes in the new Arab and Islamic life and led to a significant progress in form and content. This change indicated the cultural integration of the Arabs with the countries with which they were associated. Literature has been the true history of great changes in human societies. In Arabic and Persian literature, maqamah is an introduction to cultural dialogue that has survived as the root of civilization, its branch and fruit throughout the ages. Maqamah in its form and content was an accurate expression of major changes in social life and evidence of cultural fusion between Arabs and Persians. This article tries to clarify the reasons for the decline of the art of maqamah in Persian literature because the opinions of some scholars indicate that the Persians do not tend to the language and art of maqamah. It also deals with the reasons for the spread of maqamah art in Arabic literature until the beginning of the twentieth century and its extinction in the present era.

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