طراحی الگوی بهره برداری از فرصت ها در راستای توسعه کارآفرینی در صنعت پسماند ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف: در حالی که راه های زیادی برای دستیابی به رشد و افزایش بهره وری وجود دارد؛ اما استفاده از فرصت های کارآفرینی با بهره گیری از فناوری های جدید و ایجاد بازارهای جدید به شکل قابل توجهی منجر به افزایش ثروت و بهبود اقتصاد ملی کشورها می گردد. روش: این پژوهش با هدف طراحی الگوی بهره برداری از فرصت های کارآفرینانه درصنعت پسماند ایران بر آن است تا بینشی جهت دستیابی به بهره وری بواسطه شناسایی فرصت های کارآفرینانه ایجاد نماید. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از منظر گردآوری اطلاعات، کیفی از نوع «تحلیل محتوا» است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته است. یافته ها: مصاحبه با مشارکت کنندگان تا رسیدن به نقطه اشباع نظری ادامه یافته است که این مهم با انجام 12 مصاحبه حاصل گردید. مشارکت کنندگان با روش گلوله برفی و هدفمند انتخاب شده اند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به واسطه سه مرحله کد گذاری با نرم افزار MAXQDA2020 بوده است. بر اساس نتایج تحقیق «قوانین و اسناد بالادستی،فرهنگ سازی و آموزش، فناوری، نهادها» در بهره برداری از فرصت های کارآفرینانه در صنعت پسماند مؤثرند. نتیجه گیری: در این الگو قوانین و اسناد بالادستی مشتمل بر «اصلاح و بهبود قوانین و قوانین حمایتی»؛فرهنگ سازی و آموزش مشتمل بر «فرهنگ کارآفرینانه در حوزه پسماند،آموزش کارآفرینانه» نهادها مشتمل بر «نهادهای رسمی و نهادهای غیر رسمی»؛ فناوری مشتمل بر «جذب و کاربرد» مشخص گردید بر اساس نتایج تحقیق؛ پیشنهادات کاربردی ارائه گردید بر این اساس ترسیم چشم انداز، نهادسازی، فرهنگ سازی و استفاده از فناوری نوین پیشنهادگردید.Designing the Exploiting Model of Opportunities for Entrepreneurial Development in Iranian Waste Industy
Objective: Purpose: In the modern world, growing percentage of the urban population and increasing development of the urban areas resulted in increasing consumption of the material containing irresolvable waste and the other extras associated with the modern life; so it evoked the urban managers to pay attention to the matter of the waste more seriously. In spite of many ways to achieve progress and to increase productivity, taking advantage of the entrepreneurial opportunities by applying the new technologies accompanied with creating the new markets can increase wealth and improve the national economy of the countries. In this field, having insight and identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities made this process valuable. Utilizing the entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of waste is considered as an effective factor in productivity, thus it gains the economic advantage for the countries.
Method: This research with the aim of planning the utilization model of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry tends to create an insight to achieve productivity by identifying the aforementioned opportunities. In terms of method, this research is qualitative and exploratory and in terms of goal, it is applicable. Information gathering method was the semi- structured interviews and the participants were selected purposefully by the snowball method .The interviews continued till the saturation point of the theoretical views. The twelfth review was witness to the considered goal. In the quality part, analyzing data was done through the content analysis (Khanifer & Moslemi, 2018) by the three steps of coding by MAXQDA 2020 software. For reliability of the qualitative research, the methods of triangular of data sources, colleague’ review, and participants’ checking were used (Khastar, 2009). For validity, two methods of the open test reliability and reliability of agreement between two coders were used (Khastar, 2009).
Findings: Interviews with the participants were continued till the saturation point was achieved in the twelfth one. The participants were selected on purpose by the snowball method. Data analysis was done through the three steps of coding by MAXQDA2020 software. Based on the research findings, “the rules and upstream documents, culture building and education, technology, and institutes” are effective in utilizing of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry.
Conclusion: Up to now, in Iran, the matter of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry was not accounted as it deserved, except by a few researchers. Therefore, the present research tends to present the model of utilizing the entrepreneurial opportunities in the aforementioned industry. So, analyzing data was carried out in the three steps of coding by MAXQDA2020 software. Based on the research findings, the factors of rules and upstream documents, culture building and education, technology, and institutes were identified. In this model, the rules and upstream documents including “amending and improving the laws and the supportive laws”; culture building and education including “entrepreneurial culture in the field of waste, entrepreneurial education; the institutes including “the formal and informal ones”; technology including “attraction and usage” were identified. Parallel with the research results, Kornayich et.al (2012) explained that entrepreneurship as a factor of identification, evaluation, and opportunity utilization process in the hospital waste disposal can be effective and creates value. Mirtorabi et.al (2013) also pointed to the effect of the information sources and the communication channels in accepting the waste management and changing as well as improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the rustics to fulfill the management requirements that evaluate the effective role of culture building and awareness increase, parallel with the research results. Ramavandi et. al (2014) demonstrated that in Bushehr city, waste recycling gained low rate since the industrial sector faces with challenges including lack of awareness about the advantages of recycling of recycled raw materials, weakness in separation from waste resource and unknown recycle advantages for the people and authorities. In a research entitled “the process of creation and discovery of the entrepreneurial opportunities”, Rezaee Mirghaed (2015) declared that in spite of the various studies conducted in the field of theorizing related to entrepreneurship, there is not any acceptable universal conceptual model for the experts in this field yet, unfortunately. Entrepreneurship in the meaning of value creation contains Kirzner ‘entrepreneurial discovery and Schumpeter’ innovation. Any change in the economic process leads to the value creation; therefore, the research approach tries to close the basis of the entrepreneurship theory to the economics. In other words, entrepreneurship is changing in the economic process since the process of general entrepreneurship is transferring from an economic equilibrium to another resulting in the new value. Yan & Yab (2015) emphasized separation from waste resource and separation waste disposal by the recycling processes in the waste management systems. Stephen (2020) also mentioned that a policy roadmap was suggested to achieve the goal of improving the entrepreneurial opportunity in the urban areas in order to achieve the economic competition. Morseletto (2020) expressed that the circular economics is a general expression in the field of industrial economy which is based on 10 common strategies (recovery, recycling, reproduction, recycling, renovation, repair, reuse, decrease, rethink, and refusal). Also, Leton et.al (2020) evaluated the role of government and laws and upstream documents that affirms the present research results.
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