ظهور بورژوازی تاریخی در ایران عصر صفوی با تاکید بر صنعت نساجی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این مقاله به بررسی ظهور بورژوازی در ایران دوره صفوی می پردازد و سعی می کند به این فرضیه پاسخ دهد: در دوره صفویه، به ویژه دوران شاه عباس یکم، یعنی اواخر قرن شانزدهم و اوایل قرن هفدهم میلادی، به موازات کشورهای اروپایی، ایران نیز دارای روندی از شکل گیری بورژوازی ملی و سرمایه داری تاریخی بوده است. طبق مطالعات انجام شده، این موضوع تاکنون مورد تحقیق قرار نگرفته است و اکثر نظریه پردازان و محققان در زمینه های اقتصاد سیاسی، جامعه شناسی و علوم سیاسی، از نظر صنعت و شیوه تولید، به ظهور بورژوازی تاریخی در ایران اعتقادی نداشته اند یا برخی آغاز آن را از اواخر دوره قاجار و پس از مشروطه می دانند. اما بر اساس بسیاری از داده های تاریخی، که بیشتر آنها برگرفته از سفرنامه های سیاحان غربی و در مرتبه بعد، سایر متون تاریخی است، ایران در دوره صفویه، بویژه در دوره شاه عباس اول، شاهد ظهور شیوه ای از تولید و نظام تجاری بود که می توان آن را مصداق بورژوازی تاریخی دانست. تعریف بورژوازی تاریخی که تحولات و ویژگی های اقتصاد زمان شاه عباس با آن سنجیده شده، از امانوئل والرشتاین است. تمرکز این تحقیق، بیشتر در زمان شاه عباس یکم بوده است. همچنین با نگاهی به هنر عصر صفویه، مشخص می شود که ایران در آن دوره، از نظر فکری و فرهنگی و صرفاً در جوامع شهری، حرکت به سمت نوعی ماتریالیسم را آغاز کرده بود.The emergence of the historical bourgeoisie in Safavid Iran with emphasis on the textile industry
Introduction: During the period of Shah Abbas the Great, the growth and prosperity of economic and commercial conditions emerged as a condition suitable for the political stability of the government. In Europe, the formation of the bourgeoisie took several centuries and it arose from the heart of feudalism. Such a trend can also be expected in Iran in the discussion of the Europe-centered capitalist world system, according to researchers such as John Foran, Iran's foreign relations in the 17th century were based on equality with emerging commercial powers (the Netherlands, England, and France), and the empires of Iran's powerful neighbors (Mongolian India, Ottomans and Uzbeks) had been established. Iranian capitalism had been established at the given stage both through the role of the government rom above and through the presence of businessmen independent of the government. However, f like any other period in Iran's history, due to the personal nature of the authority of the royal institution (and not the institutional nature of this authority), every time a weak king came, which itself was a ground for foreign attack or the action of internal centrifugal forces, there was a break. Nevertheless, the researcher finds out the historical potential of Iran and Iranian society by examining the periods of prosperityThe Iranian society before the Safavid era was a monastic society, depressed, and the country of Iran was a fragmented country without a central government. Shah Ismail I and Shah Tahmasab, despite successive defeats against the Ottomans, were able to give integrity and coherence to Iran's territorial integrity and ideological status. From Shah Abbas I onwards, in the shadow of internal security and abundance of blessings, a drastic change in the psychological and intellectual conditions of the people emerged. This period coincides with the beginning of the new centuries in Europe, the age of geographical discoveries, seafaring, the beginning of the Renaissance, trade, and the end of feudalism, religious reformation and the beginning of the bourgeois age It was during this era that the closed economy had reached its end and urban life flourished in the light of the revival of trade routes and the rise of national kings. Villages and feudal land were no longer considered dominant economic and production elements, but in the cities, workshops were built and multiplied quickly, the most important of which were the textile, spinning and cloth weaving workshops This article seeks to answer the question whether during the Safavid period and parallel to Europe, Iran also had a process of formation of national bourgeoisie and historical capitalism?
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