بررسی تحولات تصاویر سیمرغ با نگاهی به آثار صناعی ساسانی و صفوی
آرشیو
چکیده
ﻧﻤﺎدﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮی و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ در آﺛﺎر ﺻﻨﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﻨﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺟﻠﻮهﮔﺮی ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﯿﻤﺮغ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﯿﻤﺮغ ﺟﺎﻧﻮری اﺳﺖ اﺳﻄﻮرهای ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎد و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪه اﻫﻮراﯾﯽ و اﯾﺰدی و ﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﺨﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ادوار ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻﻔﻮی ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان دو دوره ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ درﺧﺸﺎن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻫﻨﺮی ﯾﮑﯽ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان ﭘﯿﺶ از اﺳﻼم و دﯾﮕﺮی در اﯾﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، دو ﻋﺼﺮ ﻃﻼﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌه ﺣﻀﻮر اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ در ﻫﻨﺮ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﻮش ﺳﯿﻤﺮغ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ درآﻣﺪه در آﺛﺎر ﺻﻨﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪه از ادوار ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻﻔﻮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ-آوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و ﻧﯿﺰ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ در ﺟﺪاول ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺳﯿﻤﺮغ در ﻫﻨﺮ دوره ﺻﻔﻮی ﭼﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮاﺗﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﺗﻔﺎوت آنﻫﺎ در ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ ﺳﯿﻤﺮغ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻮد را ﭼﻪ در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ از اﺳﻼم- در ﻋﻬﺪ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ- و ﭼﻪ در دوران اﺳﻼﻣﯽ- در ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﻮی- ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﺮده و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﻤﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ، و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت در ﻣﻌﻨﯽ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺣﻀﻮری ﭘﻮﯾﺎ، در ﻣﺘﻮن اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮی، ﺣﻤﺎﺳﯽ و دﯾﻨﯽ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.The Study of Development in Simorgh Images According to Sasanian and Safavid Artworks
Symbolism is one method for the visual expression and concept transition in artworks. Simorgh is one of the symbolic elements in the arts of Iran. It is a mythical animal that is the symbol and representation of gods and fortune. Sasanian and Safavid eras are two significant historical time from cultural and artistic point of view and are considered two golden ages in art and culture of Iran. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of the Simorgh in artworks of Sasanian and Safavid eras as two remarkable time in the study of art history of Iran which could be studied for this concept. The data is collected in documentation method and then classify, explain and analyze them for answering these questions: what is the difference of Simorgh in these two eras, and what are their similarities and dissimilarities? Simorgh has always a positive meaning not only in the pre-Islamic culture but also in Islamic world in Iran. It only changes somehow its position from myth and story to mysticism and always has a dynamic presence in art of Iran.
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