نمود معنویت در داستان های کودک کلر ژوبرت براساس نظریه ی آگاهی ارتباطی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نمود معنویت در داستان های کودک کلر ژوبرت بر اساس نظریه ی آگاهی ارتباطی فاطمه قانع* محمدرضا نجاریان** مجید پویان*** چکیده معنویت یکی از موضوعاتی است که امروزه توجه پژوهشگران را حوزه ی ادبیات کودک و نوجوان به خود جلب کرده است. یکی از نظریات مطرح در حوزه ی روان شناسی کودک، نظریه ی آگاهی ارتباطی ربکا نای و دیوید هی است که معنویت و ابعاد آن را در ارتباط با کودکان بررسی می کند و ما از آن در تحلیل داستان کودک بهره برده ایم. در این نظریه پنج عنصر در بحث معنویت کودکان مطرح می شود: زمینه ها، شرایط، راهبردها، فرایندها و پیامدها. زمینه های ظهور معنویت کودکان در چهار حوزه ی ارتباطی آن ها صورت می گیرد: رابطه ی کودک با خدا، رابطه ی کودک با دیگران، رابطه ی کودک با جهان و رابطه ی کودک با خود. در این مقاله چهار اثر از کلر ژوبرت، یکی از نویسندگان مطرح حوزه داستان کودک، بر اساس چهار زمینه ی مطرح در نظریه ی آگاهی ارتباطی، نقد و بررسی می شود. بررسی ها نشان می دهد که ابعاد مختلف معنویت کودکان با نگاهی ظریف و هنرمندانه در آثار داستانی این نویسنده ی فارسی زبان نمود یافته است. واژه های کلیدی: آگاهی ارتباطی، دیوید هی، ربکا نای، کلر ژوبرت، معنویت کودکان. * دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه یزد fateme.ghane@gmail.com ** استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه یزد reza.najjarian@gmail.com (نویسنده ی مسئول) *** استادیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه یزد pooyan@yazd.ac.ir تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 17/8/ 1399 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 21/4/1400Manifestation of spirituality in Claire Joubert's child stories based on the theory of communication consciousness
Manifestation of spirituality in Claire Joubert's child stories based on the theory of communication consciousness
Introduction
Spirituality is one of the dimensions of human existence. There are different tendencies in the definition of spirituality. The historical tendency is that spirituality is known as a subset of religion (Koenig , 2011: 198). In Islamic education, spirituality is also known in relation to religion, and one will be a spiritual person who is a true religious person. While the other group does not necessarily consider spirituality limited to the structure of religion. The existence of different theories in the field of hopeful spirituality is that spirituality has been one of the most important issues in human history throughout history, as far as the discourse of spirituality for children is more than ever considered. In this article, we have used the theory of "communication awareness", which is one of the most codified theories in the field of children's spirituality, as the scientific framework of our discussion. Therefore, first we will review the background of the research, then we will explain the theory of communication awareness and its outlines, and based on what He and Nye have explained, we will redefine the foundations of this theory for use in critique of children's stories.
Materials & Methods
Rebecca Nye first introduced the "theory of communication awareness" in 1998 in her thesis entitled "Psychological Perspectives on the Spirituality of Children". She later introduced the concept in her co-authored book with David Hay, “The Spirit of the Child” (2006) and numerous articles. According to He and Nye, there are five elements in the discussion of children's spirituality: "contexts, conditions, strategies, processes and consequences" (Nye, 1998: 236). The contexts encompass four axes of communication with which spirituality forms: God, other people, the world and own. The themes in children's spiritual stories are reflected into the main source of the story. Condition is the language chosen by the author to convey spiritual concepts to the child. Strategies is the author's strategy to bring spiritual concepts to the story and Finally, in the processes and consequences section, the part of the character changes that the author refers to directly or indirectly in the story is considered as part of the consequences and the main consequences are also interpreted based on the characters' moods, conversations and behaviors at the end of the story.
Results & Discussion
Following four books by Claire Joubert based on the theory of communicative consciousness:
In search of God
The background of this book is about the child's relationship with God. In terms of circumstances, Joubert used religious language. Dealing directly with the concept of God, which is essentially a religious concept, illustrates this claim. God is also described throughout the story in a way that is often described in Islamic religious literature. In the strategies section, searching and asking questions is the main strategy that the author has dealt with in writing this spiritual work, and the consequence of this story is more knowledge of God.
God's cookies
According to the theme, the main theme of this book is about the relationship between the child and others. In terms of context, the language that Claire Joubert chooses to convey spiritual concepts in this book is, on the one hand, a religious language and, on the other, a language of values and morals. In this story, Joubert's most important strategy is search and travel scenario. Finally, the most important consequence that accompanies the audience is a change in the little bear's attitude.
Goodbye old raccoon
The main theme of this book focuses on the child's relationship with the world and the axis of transmission of spiritual concepts is based on the subject of death, life before birth and continuation of life after death. In the context section, Joubert conveys spiritual concepts from the passage of religious language to children. His most important strategy in this story is to use symbolic space to express spiritual concepts. The main allegory of this story, that is, the child coming out of the mother's womb, on the basis of which the raccoon describes the process of death, is based on a word from the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Ultimately, the consequence of reading this book for children, in addition to awareness of the quality of death and the world after it, is a sense of peace and confidence in the ultimate good.
The grief of the little green lizard
The main context of this book and the spiritual concept that the author intended to convey to the child is in the context of the child's relationship with himself. The language that Keller has used in this book, according to his direct hints, is derived from the concept of God as creator, from religion. In addition to religious language, the author has also used the language of the natural world. Ultimately, the result of reading this book is a sense of calm, gratitude, and a sense of worth.
Conclusion
The results of our studies show; In the context section, Joubert includes all four contextual axes in the theory of communicative consciousness in his fiction books. In the context section, the most important space that the author receives and carries spiritual concepts to children is the religious literature. In each of the four books in this article, the religious attitude has a strong role in the selection of subjects and ideas and thoughts and actions of fictional characters. It seems the author's personal life and the discussion of religion change from Christianity to Islam and then his theological education (level of two areas) are one of the key factors of this tendency and concern in this area. Finally, the most important process and consequence of these four spiritual stories is primarily to change the level of spiritual awareness and attitude of children, and secondly, the ending of the stories, induces a sense of peace and confidence in the ultimate good. Also in the consequences section, we can mention the sense of worth and gratitude (in the grief of the little green lizard) and the sense of moral goodness (in the God’s cookies) that accompany the audience at the end of the story.
Keywords : Relational consciousness, David Hay, Rebbeca Nye, Claire Joubert, Children's spirituality.
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