بازخوانی مؤلفه های مدرنیته در آثار محمدرضا شمس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بازخوانی مؤلفه های مدرنیته در آثار محمدرضا شمس چکیده مدرنیسم به عنوان جنبشی بزرگ به ایجاد تحول عظیمی در عرصه ی هنر و ادبیات منجر شد که این تحول به حوزه ی ادبیات کودک و نوجوان نیز راه پیدا کرد. محمدرضا شمس از نویسندگانی است که قصد دارد کودکان و نوجوانان جامعه را با واقعیت های دنیای مدرن آشنا سازد؛ به همین دلیل این نویسنده مؤلفه های عصر نو را با فرم روایی و داستانی برای این قشر از مخاطبان بیان می کند. این پژوهش بر آن است تا جامعه ی مخاطبان را با قلم متفاوت محمدرضا شمس که هم گام با فضای مدرنیستی و متناسب با تغییر ذائقه ی کودکان است، آشنا سازد. روش پژوهش تحلیل محتوای قیاسی با رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی است. این پژوهش درصدد است به بررسی مؤلفه های برجسته ی معنایی مدرنیته از جمله تفکر انتقادی، الیناسیون و کلیشه زدایی در آثار شمس بپردازد. نتایج پژوهش بر این است که محمدرضا شمس در آثار خود بی عدالتی های جامعه از جمله فساد اداری در نظام بروکراسی و مردسالاری را به بوته نقد می گذارد و بر آن است که مخاطب را با واقعیت های تلخ جامعه آشنا سازد؛ از سوی دیگر زندگی امروز افراد جامعه توأم با ازخودبیگانگی است که شمس این مؤلفه را در قالب تنهایی و مرگ، بحران هویت و زمان پریشی به نمایش می گذارد. ادبیات مدرنیستی با نگاهی متفاوت درصدد جلب نظر خوانندگان خاص است؛ از این رو با استفاده از بداعت، خلاقیت و هنجارشکنی، مخاطبان خاص خود را می طلبد. از همین روست که شمس از شخصیت هایی بهره می گیرد که از هم نوعان خود متمایز هستند، بنابراین شخصیت ها با ایدئولوژی ابرقهرمانی و مستقلانه درصدد انجام مأموریت خود می شوند و با جسارت در جویندگی به اجرای امور و هدف می اندیشند. واژه های کلیدی: الیناسیون، تفکر انتقادی، کلیشه زدایی، محمدرضا شمس، مدرنیسم. تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 30/7/1399 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 7/10/1399Rereading the Components of Modernity in the Works of Mohammad Reza Shams
Rereading the Components of Modernity in the Works of Mohammad Reza Shams Authors: Roghayyeh Aliani. ((Ph.D.) Candidate in Persian Language & Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili) Bijan Zahiri. (Professor of Persian Language & Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili) Shokrollah PourAlkhas. (Professor of Persian Language & Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili) Ali Safayi Sangari(Professor of Persian Language & Literature, Gilan University) Introduction In the modern era, due to change of life conditions, the issues and concerns of people in society also change greatly. These changes will definitely lead to a change in the lives of people in society, especially children and adolescents. Therefore, the authorities in this field, especially writers in the field of children and adolescents, must discover the needs of the new era in order to respond positively to the demands of each generation. Because each generation has its own needs according to its conditions. “Each generation has its own literature because it is different from previous generations and has its own language and logic” (Sho’arinejad, 1370: 96). Mohammad Reza Shams is a contemporary writer in the field of children and adolescents who writes stories for children according to the changed needs of society and is the voice of children of his era. “Shams considers the most important need of today's children in recognizing children. He considers children to be perfect human beings, so he believes that children's needs, must be contemplated as an important issue and must be met” (Shams, 1390). Through the story, he aims to familiarize children with the social realities. Accordingly, children of the New Age learn to prepare themselves for the phenomenon of alienation in the tumultuous world of the new era. On the other hand, we know that children of the present age are distinctive and norm-breaking people and live in a different world than adults, so they have the right to criticize the situation. With this explanation, children will be ready to participate in society by studying these stories according to the harmony of the needs of contemporary society. This article examines the outstanding components of modernity such as alienation, critical thinking and norm breaking in the stories of Mohammad Reza Shams. Research Method and objective This is a Library based & descriptive-analytic research. First, all of Shams's stories are read accurately and then, among the semantic components of modernity, including class antagonism, freedom, rationalism, awareness-raising, curiosity, self-centeredness, individuality, etc. The most prominent components in Shams's stories including alienation, critical thinking and stereotyping have been extracted and analyzed. To explain the concepts, the opinions of theorists such as Eric Fromm, May Lero, McFarlane, Brad Bury, Hicks, Albert Camus, Marshall Berman, and Edward Sa’eed were used in a combination of components. The aim of this research is to explain the paradigm of modernity in the works of Mohammad Reza Shams. Researchers analyze the most prominent semantic components such as alienation, critical thinking and stereotyping, thereby familiarizing children with the social issues of modern societies. This research seeks to answer the following questions: - Which semantic components of modernity have a prominent appearance in Shams's works? - How do outstanding components affect the lives of children in society? Research background So far, no individual research has been accomplished on the semantic components of modernity in Shams's works, but some similar researches can be noted. Parsayi (1386) has examined the collected stories named Balloon and Blue Horses from the perspective of fantasy, philosophy and the irregularity. Mahdavi (1396) explored the components of magical realism such as point of view, attention to the Breaking the habit, neutrality of the narrator, Paradox, etc. In the story of Aunt Cherry from Mohammad Reza Shams. In his research, Mehdi Pour-Omrani (1386) has studied Shams's books in terms of structure and content based on the order and sequence of publication. In analyzing the story of Black and Red Pencil, Naeimi (1384) believes that contemporary literature is not popular due to complexity and only targets a certain spectrum. Behnam Khu (1397) believes that Shams uses imaginative, mythical, oral, and magical patterns to fantasize his works. Aghapour and Hesampour explored the novel of the Silly Girl from the perspective of carnival humor and believe that the teenager in this story with his carnival behavior is a message of change and dynamism. Conclusion Modernity in the West caused a huge change in various intellectual, cultural, artistic and economic fields, which also entered Iran and the field of children's and adolescent literature. The present study examines the most prominent semantic components of modernity in the works of Mohammad Reza Shams. This research showed that in the works of Mohammad Reza Shams, the components of differentiation and stereotyping, critical thinking and alienation have become more evident. People in the present society are unaware of their true existence because of the many turmoil, and this leads them to the alienation that appears in stories in the form of death, loneliness, identity crisis, interspersed characters and time-consuming. The characters of the stories have not become self-conscious due to the identity crisis, so part of the consolidation of their identity acts according to the prevailing rules of society, and some other characters think about loneliness and death. In the field of critical thinking, writers believe that children of society should be familiar with the anomalies of modern society. Therefore, in a critical context, the injustices of society such as patriarchy, weakness in administrative bureaucracy, environmental crisis and child labor are criticized. Consequently, intellectuals who are concerned about the economic and social political conditions of the time and age and do not remain silent. In another context, modernist literature addresses the specific spectrum and preferences of people in society. Elites who behave very cautiously, so modern children are not captured by the algebra of tradition with their congeniality with elite character and by preserving freedom and independence, they choose their own way of life and they're not afraid of distinction. New Age children are living in a different world than the adult world. A world in which children think about peace and international relations using fantasy elements and choose their own way of life by preserving freedom and independence. Such people, because of their different thinking, distance themselves from those around them and dare to think through the component of individuality and break the norm and withdraw from others. This component leads children to appear in a powerful new era and make themselves the centerpiece of things and not be dominated by adults. Keywords: Alienation, Critical Thinking, Stereotyping, Mohammad Reza Shams, Modernism. Sources
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