Dynamic Spatial Panel

This study uses spatial econometric and dynamic analyses to examine the temporal and spatial effects on three performance indicators of petrochemical companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange: price performance, retained earnings, and total performance. The target population comprises all petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange that have been active since the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2024. The findings suggest that, while information asymmetry positively influences companies' retained earnings, it simultaneously has a negative impact on price and total performance. Additionally, an examination of the H-index revealed that the market structure of this industry is monopolistic. However, monopolistic behavior is observed in the distribution of retained earnings, which can be attributed to the centralized structure governing the management of the Iranian petrochemical industry. Findings concerning financial structure suggest that elevated financial leverage and financing costs negatively impact returns, while investment in physical assets has the most favorable impact. Furthermore, identifying significant spatial effects corroborates the idea that proximity and spillover effects between companies are substantial. This study provides substantial empirical evidence that enhancing information transparency, optimizing financial structures, and reforming corporate governance mechanisms could increase market returns and improve stock returns in the petrochemical industry.