paradigmatic shift

In recent decades, scientists and researchers have not yet paid attention to some scientific debates and studies despite the scientific development of tourism. Tourism paradigms and related socio-cultural theories are two of these areas. In this work, we aimed to explain how tourism's socio-cultural theories and debates form in cultural and historical contexts. This work presents a comprehensive image of tourism socio-cultural theories’ formation and evolution process. This study a fundamental and theoretical research. It is descriptive-explanatory in terms of purpose, longitudinal in terms of time, and historical-comparative in terms of data collection and analysis. The data used in this study is archival. The results showed that although humanism, interpretivism and structuralism paradigms have significantly impacted the formation and evolution of tourism development, the functionalism paradigm dominates all periods of development and evolution of tourism from pre-mass to post-mass. There are signs in the field of turning tourism paradigms toward subjectivism approaches, based on the findings of this research and futurology in this field. Therefore, it seems that tourism scientists and researchers’ attention to this socio-cultural change of approach and the readiness of managers to understand this "paradigmatic shift" and its application in the field of implementation is undeniable.