Misbah Yazdi

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Purpose in this paper is to examine the criticism, explore the main issues raised, show how these issues are related to contemporary philosophical discussions, and suggest how Sadra’s position might be defended. Two kinds of defense will be suggested: first, we can surmise from Sadra’s works how he might have responded to the criticism; second, we can consider how a position like Sadra’s could be defended in view of contemporary philosophy. METHOD AND FINDING : This research is a qualitative research with a critical analysis approach. One of the distinctive features of the philosophy of Mulla Sadra is his doctrine of the soul. He held that the soul evolves from the body. The human soul has its beginnings in material existence, but it evolves beyond the material and achieves eternal immateriality. CONCLUSION : The idea that the incorporeal soul as a seperable substance, might have begun its existence as a corporeal substance and then changed into an incorporeal substance has been criticized by Allamah Misbah. His criticism raises a number of issues in the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and Islamic theology.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : This article is to explain Machiavelli's view on the criterion of moral action and its evaluation based on the anthropological foundations of Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi. METHOD AND FINDING : The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the findings of this article are: Machiavelli is a power-oriented philosopher who presented his moral opinions in the form of his political views. He believes that any kind of behavior and action can be used to achieve the goal of human power; But Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi believes, to determine the standard of goodness and ugliness of human actions, one must first gain a correct understanding of man, his existential dimensions, his happiness and misery, his perfection and ultimate goal. CONCLUSION : Machiavelli considers the main goal of life to be human power and considers human actions moral if they enable humans to achieve material power. From his viewpoint, power has inherent value and man can use any means to acquire it. On the other hand, Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi believes in acquiring spiritual and moral life. He believes that the goal does not justifies the means, and to attaining the human power strength, you cannot use any behavior and action to achieve the goals.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : In this research, the Quranic-educational ideas of two contemporary Muslim thinkers: Misbah Yazdi and Abul-A'la Maududi are briefly mentioned. The goals of this research are: To discover points in the Quranic education system to review and criticize the western education system, to improve the educational methods of schools, to achieve worldly and hereafter happiness. METHOD AND FINDING : The method of this research is descriptive, comparative and questioning (Thematic interpretation) in the the Quranic works of the mentioned scholars. The most important ideas of Misbah Yazdi are: The necessity of educating the ignorant, the capacity of human learning, the role of the teacher in education, the role of the group and imitation in learning, comprehensiveness in education, the importance of fundamental Islamic scientific research with divine motivation, the necessity of checking the competence of the teacher before starting learning; And Maududi's thoughts are: Treating the soul of the learner  with proper education, evoking the emotions and nature of the learner along with the education, the compassion of the teacher and the appropriate method, the use of sensory examples for the teaching of extra-sensory subjects, the criteria of acceptance of the learner and the role of objective observation in learning. CONCLUSION : Based on this and in accordance with the comparative analysis of these ideas and approaches, Misbah Yazdi and Maududi both consider Islam to have a system and a valuable school of thought in human sciences specially in education.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : There are different theories about how to deal with western sciences, especially western humanities. From secular intellectuals who consider Western science and technology the only way to progress. As for others who believe that no golden leaf can be found in Western science and civilization that can be used. METHOD AND FINDING : The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical and of the library type. The findings indicate that from Ayatollah Mesbah's viewpoint, in the face of western science, damage has been done that should be avoided. Among these harms, we can mention the political and nationalist approach, self-defeating, eclecticism, and the adaptation of religion to Western science. The correct approach is western science and should be criticized and selected in this context. But for some reasons, the benefits of these sciences are minimal in most fields. especially the foundations and assumptions, rational and descriptive methodology and the normative aspect of human sciences; But the use of basic sciences, experimental sciences and experimental methodology can be maximized. CONCLUSION : According to Ayatollah Mesbah, western sciences can be used in general; But the extent of their application in different fields is not the same. A difference should be made between the foundations and methods and findings of science.