Organizational outcome

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between participatory ethical culture and evaluating the performance of knowledge employees and its outputs in knowledge-based companies in Tehran. Method: This study was applicable in terms of purpose and research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was senior managers and deputies of knowledge-based companies in Tehran. By simple random sampling method, 400 people were selected as the sample with a return rate of 388 people. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation tests and partial least squares method have been used. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between evaluating the performance of knowledge staff with individual outputs and organizational outputs. Also, the moderating effect of participatory ethical culture on the relationship between performance appraisal of knowledge employees and individual outputs as well as the relationship between performance appraisal of knowledge staff and organizational outputs has been confirmed. Conclusion: When there is a culture of participatory ethics in an organization, performance appraisal, although it increases organizational outcomes, further leads to improved individual outcomes.

While categorization of human beings into various subgroups in terms of their race, ethnicity, gender, religion, nationality and alike is not a new phenomenon but such a diversity in communities all around the world has drawn much attention to the issue in recent years due to the increasing importance of equality for governments and societies. Workplaces are among those contexts which are proposed to equality issues and are trying to deal with it utilizing different approaches among which creating spirituality in workplace is a noteworthy one. Tourism businesses are not an exception in this regard and are faced with the diversity challenge especially in terms of interaction between different cultures throughout the industry. Additionally, it seems that organizational outcome is influenced by level of diversity at the workplace. Therefore, this paper adopts a developmental descriptive-analytical approach implemented by documentary analysis to discuss the relationship between diversity management and organizational outcome and provides a theoretical model indicating how workplace spirituality (WPS) mediates the relationship between cultural diversity management and organizational outcome in tourism businesses since cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature and can be a source of competitive advantage for businesses as well.