محمدحسین کربلایی

The present study aimed to predict life expectancy based on spiritual health and self-efficacy in students covered by welfare and regular students. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of methodology. The statistical population included all female second-year vocational high school students in the academic year 2021-2022 in Torbat-e Jam, totaling 158 individuals. Among them, 79 welfare-covered students were selected using purposive sampling, and 79 regular students were chosen through convenient random sampling. The research tools included the Hope Questionnaire (Miller & Powers, 1998), the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Sherer & Adams, 1983), and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982). The validity of the questionnaires was content-based, and their reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding values of 0.90 for the Hope Questionnaire, 0.86 for Self-Efficacy, and 0.92 for Spiritual Health. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between spiritual health and life expectancy in both welfare-covered and regular students. Additionally, the life expectancy of regular students was higher than that of welfare-covered students. There was also a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and life expectancy in students overall. However, while there was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and life expectancy in regular students, no significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and life expectancy in welfare-covered students. Among spiritual health and self-efficacy, spiritual health was a better predictor of life expectancy in welfare-covered students. Conversely, in regular students, self-efficacy played a more significant predictive role for life expectancy than spiritual health.