ویدا وراهرمی

The rapid growth of Emerging Economics in previous decades have made them an important player in the international arena, along with Developed Economics, which have a significant impact on international economic transactions. This study investigate the way oil price fluctuations affect energy-intensive sectors in Emerging and Developed Economics using quarterly data from 2005 Q1 to 2024 Q2. Particularly, in this study NARDL framework is employed to examine the asymmetric impact of changes in oil prices by decomposing oil price shocks into positive and negative partial sums. The results show significant and asymmetric effect of oil price shocks on energy-intensive industrial sectors. The results show that the effect of negative changes in oil prices on both economics is similar, while Developed Economics react differently to positive changes in oil prices compared to Emerging Economics. overall, energy-intensive industries in Developed Economics show better management and are less vulnerable to oil price fluctuations in comparison with Emerging Economics.

Income distribution and environmental destruction represent two of the most important goals in the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the linkage between income inequality and carbon emissions remains controversial especially in countries with natural oil and gas resources. This paper studies the link between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and income inequality in Iran over 1985–2020. The modelling results indicate that there is a trade-off between income inequality and CO2 emissions. By applying the Vector Auto regression approach found a direct relationship between Gini coefficient and CO2 emissions and indirect relationship between petrol price and CO2 emissions. Petrol price have a smaller although negative impact on CO2 emissions compared to the positive effect of inequality. To investigate the effect of shocks, Impulse response checked out. According to the variance decomposition, income inequality after carbon dioxide emissions is the most explanatory change in gas emissions among other variables. This paper presents a positive effect of petrol price shocks on carbon dioxide emissions, and also negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions in long term.