صادق پورعلی فتیده

Shooters typically make great efforts to strengthen their physical and motor abilities, but are often less aware of the cognitive and psychological factors that affect their performance and skill performance. Therefore, it seems that shooters, especially novice shooters, are not very familiar with the mental skills related to shooting and pay less attention to mental training. However, cognitive training has recently been recognized as one of the basic skills required in perceptual-motor activities. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training cognitive imaging strategies versus training of motor representation strategies on the acquisition and retention of shooting skills. This randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 45 undergraduate military science students with an age limit of 18 to 25 years, studying in the second semester of 1997-98. Subjects were randomly selected from a university of military sciences in Tehran and randomly divided into three groups of mental imagery, motor representation and control using a table of random numbers. The intervention groups received a three-week mental imagery training program, motor representation along with shooting training (five sessions per week). The control group only participated in shooting training. In order to evaluate the performance of shooters in the pre-test, post-test and memorization stages, a SCAT machine was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20 software and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that both cognitive imaging and motor representation interventions had a significant effect on improving the record of novice military shooters (P≤0.05). The results showed that although there was no significant difference between motor representation and cognitive imaging groups in the post-test stage, however, a significant difference was observed between the motor representation and cognitive imaging groups (P = 0.006) in the retention stage. The results show that cognitive imagery and motor representation interventions can improve the performance of novice military shooters, although motor representation is more likely to be effective than cognitive imagery

Religion, as a set of beliefs, dos and don'ts, as well as specific and generalized values, is considered one of the most effective psychological supports that is able to provide the meaning of life in every moment of life and in special circumstances with explanatory supports will save a person from suspense and meaninglessness. The present research is of a comparative causal type and its purpose is to investigate the effect of religious attitude and emotional intelligence on the aggression of professional wrestlers. Data related to religious attitude, emotional intelligence and the effect of these two on aggression were collected from 100 wrestlers using religious attitude questionnaires, Shott's emotional intelligence questionnaire and Nelson's anger questionnaire. The results of the research showed that religious attitude and emotional intelligence have an interactive effect on reducing the aggressiveness of professional wrestlers. Based on the subjects' statements, the results showed that aggression among people with high religious attitude was lower than among people with low and medium religious attitude. The results of two-variable variance analysis also showed that the interactive effect of the two components of religious attitude and emotional intelligence on aggression is statistically significant, in other words, religious attitude and emotional intelligence have an interactive effect on the aggression component of professional wrestlers.