سهیل روداری

Nowadays, insurance is considered as an integral part of the financial system of every country. Insurance companies as important financial institutions in the capital market, in addition to risk coverage, play the role of financial intermediaries. As for-profit institutions, these companies must achieve profitability by implementing these two roles. For this purpose, this study aims to identify the factors that determine the profitability of Iran's insurance industry between 2011-3 and 2022-3 on a seasonal basis using the TVP-DMA model. The results showed that financial leverage variables, exchange rate, and insurance premium growth are, respectively, the most influential variables affecting the performance of Iran's insurance industry. Additionally, the results show that the manner and probability of these variables influencing the performance of the insurance industry over time is not constant and is influenced by factors such as the JCPOA agreement, withdrawal from the JCPOA, the continuation of the privatization process, the elimination of value-added tax in the insurance industry, and the change in the articles of association insurance companies, notification of the establishment of the general natural disaster insurance fund and the use of the capital market capacities of the insurance industry.

In the Iranian economy, part of the government's fiscal policies and liabilities is always financed by banks. As government debt to banks increases, the private sector's access to loans and facilities is limited. It can cause undesirable macroeconomic outcomes. This study investigates the macroeconomic effects of government debt on banks in Iran over 1972–2016 by using an SVAR model. Results show that government debt to banks does not significantly affect the aggregate demand ratio to aggregate supply and GDP per labor. Still, it significantly increases the real exchange rate and decreases the non-tradable goods' ratio to tradable goods prices. In the long-run, the real exchange rate, the ratio of non-tradable goods to tradable goods price, and the general price level changed by 34.46, 20.95, and 46.4 percent, respectively, which can be explained by the government debt to banks. Results indicate that the government policy manages the Iranian economy.