The Semantics of "Malakūt" in the Holy Quran: A Study Based on Co-occurrence and Substitution Relationships (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

چکیده

An examination of interpretations by various scholars regarding the nature of " Malakūt " reveals a primary focus on linguistic semantics, with the phrase "Intensity in Dominion" being the most prominent expression of its meaning. However, a mere linguistic definition fails to convey the complete essence of " Malakūt ." This descriptive-analytical study investigates the semantics of " Malakūt " by analyzing its paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. Research indicates that the word "Mulk" in the Quran, within its syntagmatic relationships, signifies kingship, encompassing creation, the management of affairs, intercession on the Day of Judgment, and governance on the Day of Resurrection, all subject to God's will. God grants and withdraws the power of kingship and sovereignty to and from humans, providing believing individuals with the necessary authority when bestowing sovereignty upon them. "Throne" is identified as a synonym for divine sovereignty, possessing these same characteristics. The word " Malakūt ," being etymologically related to "Mulk," is associated with concepts such as power, management, glorification, and governance. Furthermore, its connection with the roots "N Ẓ R," "R ʼ Y," and "A M R" suggests varying levels of understanding regarding the realms of Malakūt . A significant observation from the context and associations of "Mulk" and " Malakūt " is that they represent two distinct worlds. The realm of Mulk is perceptible to the eye, and God delegates aspects of it to humans, with everything operating under the system of cause and effect. In contrast, the realm of Malakūt possesses a non-material essence exclusive to God, where divine will alone is sufficient for existence, without the necessity of a cause-and-effect system. Humanity's interaction with this realm is limited to its observation, a privilege reserved solely for God's saints and prophets.