ارزیابی نقش پارک های محلی بر بهبود آسایش حرارتی فضای باز در اقلیم گرم وخشک؛ بررسی موردی پارک امیرآباد شهرضا (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پارک های محله ای به عنوان یکی از عناصر کلیدی فضای شهری، نقش مهمّی در ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و بهبود آسایش حرارتی دارند. بااین حال، تأثیر گونه های گیاهی بومی و مصالح محلی در تنظیم شرایط خرداقلیم شهری، به ویژه در مناطق گرم وخشک، به طور جامع بررسی نشده است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی شرایط آسایش حرارتی در پارک های محلی و فضاهای باز کوچک مقیاس، با تأکید بر نقش گونه های گیاهی و مصالح بومی، در بهبود خرداقلیم محله امیرآباد شهرضا طی دو فصل تابستان و زمستان انجام شده است. روش تحقیق شامل مطالعات کتابخانه ای، پایش های میدانی و شبیه سازی رایانه ای با نرم افزار ENVI-met است. در بخش میدانی، داده های اقلیمی (دما، رطوبت نسبی و سرعت باد) جمع آوری و پرسشنامه های ترجیحات حرارتی کاربران تحلیل شد. همچنین، از مدل «ارزش ها و عوامل سازنده منظر» (FVFL) برای ارزیابی ویژگی های منظر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که انتخاب مصالح و گونه های گیاهی مناسب تأثیر بسزایی در تعدیل شرایط حرارتی دارد. مصالحی مانند گرانیت خردشده با آلبدوی بالا موجب کاهش دمای سطح شده و گونه های درختی بومی مانند زبان گنجشک و نارون با ایجاد سایه مؤثر، آسایش حرارتی کاربران را بهبود می بخشند. همچنین، گنجاندن بدنه های آبی سبب کاهش دما و افزایش رطوبت در تابستان می شوند. این یافته ها می توانند به تدوین راهنماهای طراحی اقلیمی و برنامه ریزی منظر در مناطق گرم وخشک کمک کنند.Assessment of the role of local parks in improving thermal comfort of outdoor spaces in arid and hot climates: A case study of Amirabad Park in Shahreza
Neighborhood parks serve as fundamental elements of urban spaces, offering extensive environmental, social, and cultural benefits. These green spaces significantly enhance urban life quality and contribute to thermal comfort improvement while mitigating the urban heat island effect, particularly in hot and arid climates. Despite their importance, the role of indigenous elements, such as native plant species and locally sourced materials, in regulating thermal conditions and assessing environmental comfort has not been thoroughly investigated. This research gap limits the effective integration of microclimate-responsive strategies into urban landscape planning and design. Addressing this issue is crucial for optimizing thermal conditions and enhancing human well-being in urban settings. This study aims to evaluate thermal comfort in small-scale open spaces and neighborhood parks to improve the microclimate of the Amirabad neighborhood in Shahreza, Iran, during summer and winter. The research focuses on identifying effective materials, vegetation, and water features that contribute to thermal regulation. The ultimate goal is to develop context-sensitive landscape design recommendations that enhance climate resilience and sustainability in urban environments, particularly in regions characterized by extreme temperatures. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating literature review, field surveys, and computational simulations. The fieldwork involves measuring and recording key climatic variables, including air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Additionally, structured questionnaires assess users’ thermal preferences and satisfaction levels. Simultaneously with the collection of field data on site, based on Taghvaei's model of "Fundamental Values and Factors of Landscape" (FVFL), an assessment of the park's landscape and its boundaries was conducted. The research further utilizes ENVI-met software (version 5.0.3) to simulate optimal design scenarios for summer and winter, providing insights into how different landscape elements influence microclimatic conditions. The findings indicate that material selection and vegetation significantly impact thermal comfort in open spaces. High-albedo crushed granite was identified as the most effective ground cover material due to its ability to lower surface temperature and enhance thermal comfort indices. Additionally, native tree species with broad canopies, such as Fraxinus excelsior (ash) and Ulmus minor (elm), play a vital role in providing shade, reducing ambient temperatures, and improving user comfort levels. Furthermore, the integration of water bodies in park designs has a positive effect on microclimatic conditions, as it increases humidity and lowers temperatures, particularly during summer. The study underscores the necessity of integrating native vegetation, high-albedo materials, and water features into urban park designs to enhance thermal comfort, mitigate the urban heat island effect, and promote climate resilience in hot and arid regions. These strategies contribute to energy conservation and encourage the utilization of locally available resources, fostering sustainable urban development. By implementing these approaches, cities can achieve greater climatic adaptability and environmental sustainability. The research findings provide a scientific basis for developing climate-responsive landscape design guidelines and urban planning policies, ensuring long-term improvements in the quality and functionality of open urban spaces. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable urban environments by emphasizing the role of nature-based solutions in addressing climate challenges and enhancing the livability of urban neighborhoods.
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