ظاهره الجواز فی النحو العربی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
الجواز فی الاصطلاح هو أحد الأحکام النحویه و یقصد به: إباحه الحکم النحوی من غیر وجوب أو امتناع و هذا یودی إلی تعدد الأوجه النحویه فی المسأله الواحده، بخلاف الوجوب الذی یقتضی وجهاً واحداً. الجواز فی اللغه ینقسم إلی قسمین : 1- الجواز الذی نشأ فی اللغه بسبب تأثیر اللهجات.2- الجواز الذی یعود إلی طبیعه اللغه الانسانیه: و هو ینقسم إلی قسمین: أ) قسم یختلف فیه الوجه الثانی عن الأول و هو یتمثل فی الأوجه التی لکل منها معنی خاص إذا دخلت فی سیاق ما، بعباره أخری یُعد جوازاً مادام لم یستعمل فی النص و لم یتأثر بالسیاق و إذا استعمل فی النص ینتهی الجواز. لکی نفهم حقیقه هذا الجواز علینا ان ندرسه فی ضوء نظریه السیاق. ب ) قسم لایؤثر فیه السیاق لیختار وجه و یرفض آخر، أو یرجح أحد علی الآخر و یفید التوسیع المعنایی فی اللغه، و فیما یختص بالجواز القرآنی إن القرآن اختار من بین الوجوه المتعدده فی اللغه وجهاً أحسن و اکثر تلاءماً و تلاصقاً بنظم الآیه و سیاقها و غرضها، و فی ضوء نظریه النظم یزول الغموض المکتنف الجواز و یتجلی الإعجاز القرآنی. ظاهره الجواز فی کتب النحو یوهم أن هناک وجوهاً یستطیع المتکلم أو الکاتب أن یختار أیا شاء و کذلک فی القرآن من جهه یقال: لایستبدل کلمه أو حرف بآخر و من جهه أخری مراراً تحدث النحاه و المفسرون عن الجواز فیه. لذلک تتنأول هذه المقاله ظاهره الجواز بالبحث و التحلیل لتبیّن موقعه و أثره فی اللغه. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن الجواز لیس اعتباطیا فی اللغه، و الجواز الذی نشأ فی اللغه متأثراً بللهجات یثری اللغه و یجعل القاعده النحویه مرنه طیعه و الجواز الذی یعود إلی أصل اللغه منه ما لیس بجواز إذا استعمل فی النص فی إطار السیاق و یحمل فی طیه معانٍ لم ینتبه إلیها النحاه .permission phenomena m Arabic Syntax
Permission in terminology is one of the semantic rules and its meaning is to issue permit for a semantic rule, which in this case there are not the conditions of olligation or deny and leads to multiple choices for a semantic problem. 1) permission which is raised ftom the effect of languages.2)permission which returns to the natural language, which this one is also devided in two groups.A)permission which in this kind, two or multiple choices are different semantically and if they are placed in concept two text or induction, actually they arenot permission, but their being as permission are only limited to artifact sample which exisit in sematic books.On the other hand, each espciall face is on induction and its usage in other induction is a mistake.B)permission which is not under the influence of other induction for giving priority to a face over other faces.This kind of permission causes development of meaning in language, but about the Koranic permission, we must say that the Koran has used among various faces, that face which in good manner has proportianallity with induction and cause of the verse or prose.In the shaow of Abul- Al- Ghaher theory about.Order and arrangement, the koranic permission and cause for using an espicall face among the faces is clear and explained.Permission phenomena in semantic books, creates this thought that there are some faces in language which the speaker or writer can use from each of them voluntarily and there is not any difference between them.Also, this is said about Koran that no one of the words, even each character of the Koran can not be substituted with other words or characters.Now, those semantics or interperators which usually speak about permission, this essay is aimed to review and analysis the position of this phenomena and its effect on Arabic language. key words: Permission, semantic, textual induction, positional induction. 1.Introduction: We have often heard that in the Arabic language, anything is possible. This statement implies that in an Arabic sentence, the case ending (ḥarakah) of a word can change, or a word may accept multiple grammatical positions within the same sentence. This phenomenon is referred to as jawāz (permissibility) in books on syntax and exegesis. Abd al-Latif states: One may be surprised to see that scholars who write commentaries neither confirm an error as a definitive mistake nor accept correctness as absolute truth. They do not consider even the seemingly definitive rules as fixed; rather, they have stated that a subject (fāʿil) might appear in the accusative case (manṣūb), and an object (mafʿūl) in the nominative (marfūʿ), as long as the sentence remains clear and unambiguous. For this reason, it has been said: “The best grammarian is the one who does not accuse anyone of a grammatical mistake.” In other words, any expression within the framework of the Arabic language has a grammatical justification that makes it acceptable. 2.Materials and Methods Sībawayh, and before him, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, paid special attention to two important linguistic aspects: linguistic context and situational context. They examined the impact of these two factors on sentence structure and sought to reveal the subtleties of Arabic expressions. Sībawayh emphasized the importance of analyzing certain syntactic structures through comparison with other commonly used constructions among Arabs. He stressed that such structures must have been genuinely used in their linguistic environment; otherwise, even if they conformed to Arabic grammar rules, they would not be accepted. Furthermore, Sībawayh highlighted the necessity of incorporating external and non-linguistic factors in analyzing and systematizing the language, particularly paying attention to the social context. 3.Discussion and Results In modern linguistic studies, context holds a significant place. Many researchers have examined the dimensions of language based on the theory of context—among them, Fāḍil
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