نقش آفرینی مردم در حفاظت از میراث معماری؛ بررسی و آسیب شناسی رویه های موجود در زمینه بافت تاریخی شهر یزد (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تجربیات جهانی و منشورهای بین المللی حاکی از آن است که مشارکت مردمی در حفاظت از میراث معماری، به ویژه زمانی که سازمان های متولی در انجام کامل وظایف خود با محدودیت مواجه می شوند، راهکاری مؤثر و در دسترس است. دراین میان، جذب جامعه محلی به فعالیت های مربوط به حفاظت از میراث معماری، علاوه بر نتایج مثبت عملی، می تواند حس تعلق و ارزش گذاری به فرهنگ و تاریخ را درمیان مردم تقویت کند. بااین حال، بررسی های انجام شده در کشور ما نشان می دهد که ساکنان محلی در فرایندهای حفاظت از میراث معماری کمتر دیده شده یا حتی نادیده گرفته شده اند. در این پژوهش، با درنظر گرفتن شرایط خاص سیاسی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی شهر یزد، از رویکرد کیفی و روش تئوری زمینه ای استفاده شده است. تحلیل تماتیک انعکاسی به منظور شناسایی آسیب ها و چالش های موجود در راه نقش آفرینی ساکنان در حفاظت از میراث معماری انجام گرفته و سپس اعتبارسنجی نتایج کیفی ازطریق یک پیمایش کمی با استفاده از پرسش نامه صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که یک تقابل چندوجهی میان ساکنان بافت تاریخی شهر یزد و نهادهای دولتی در فرایندهای حفاظت شکل گرفته است. این تقابل ها به خروج تدریجی ساکنان از بافت تاریخی و نیز فرسایش و تحلیل توان اجرایی نهادهای دولتی منجر شده است.The role of citizens in the conservation of architectural heritage; An examination and assessment of existing practices in the historical fabric of Yazd
Public participation plays a pivotal role in the conservation of architectural heritage, particularly when governmental organizations encounter limitations in effectively addressing the complexities of preservation. Engaging local communities not only enhances the practical success of conservation initiatives but also fosters a deeper sense of belonging, ownership, and cultural appreciation among residents. However, evidence from studies conducted in Iran highlights significant shortcomings in integrating local communities into heritage conservation processes, with residents often marginalized or excluded from decision-making frameworks. Such exclusion undermines the potential for sustainable and inclusive conservation practices, raising critical questions about the effectiveness of existing approaches. This study examines the dynamics and challenges of public participation in the historic fabric of Yazd, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its extensive mudbrick architecture and rich cultural heritage. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research seeks to uncover the underlying issues that hinder effective collaboration between communities and governmental bodies. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected through 35 semi-structured interviews conducted with local residents and conservation experts. These interviews underwent reflective thematic analysis using Atlas.ti software, which facilitated the identification of initial codes, refinement of key themes, and discovery of barriers to meaningful public participation. In the second phase, a structured quantitative survey involving 300 respondents validated the qualitative findings. This survey assessed perceptions of the importance of the identified themes and explored the interrelationships among them. The findings reveal fundamental conflicts between the priorities of residents and those of governmental bodies. Residents expressed a strong commitment to preserving their living environments within the historic fabric and emphasized the importance of participatory decision-making processes that address their socio-economic needs alongside conservation efforts. However, governmental bodies adopted a preservationist approach, prioritizing the physical conservation of heritage structures while often neglecting socio-cultural and economic dimensions. This divergence has led to diminishing trust, reduced engagement, and the gradual outmigration of residents from the historic fabric. Moreover, the reliance on top-down decision-making, combined with limited financial resources and an overemphasis on tourism development, has exacerbated challenges in achieving sustainable and inclusive conservation strategies. Residents perceive these policies as misaligned with their daily realities and needs. The study underscores the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward community-based conservation models. Such models should balance the physical and human dimensions of heritage, integrate residents' voices into decision-making processes, and prioritize the socio-economic well-being of local communities. Collaborative frameworks, enhanced communication channels, and capacity-building initiatives are essential for empowering communities and fostering a shared commitment to conservation goals. Additionally, policy flexibility is critical to effectively address the diverse and evolving needs of stakeholders. While these findings provide valuable insights specific to Yazd, they also offer broader lessons for similar heritage contexts globally. Future research is encouraged to explore scalable frameworks for fostering genuine public participation, particularly in settings where conflicting interests between residents and governmental institutions prevail.
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