دراسة إدراكیة أسلوبیة للاستعارات السیاسیة في «النظرات» للمنفلوطي علی ضوء نظریة لایكوف(قصتي الحریة وأین الفضیلة أنموذجاً) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
الأسلوبیه المعرفیه هی منهج جدید فی مجال الدراسات الأسلوبیه وقد شکلت الاستعاره الإدراکیه إحدی مجالاتها الهامّه. هناک مجموعه من التطابقات المنهجیه بین المصدر والهدف فی الاستعارات المفاهیمیه، تطبّق العناصر المفاهیمیه للمجال المصدر علی عناصر المجال الهدف. طرح المنفلوطی الموضوعات السیاسیه فی قصتیه الحریه وأین الفضیله من خلال استعارات مفاهیمیه. إذ قامت أسس هذه التصورات الاستعاریه على تجربه المؤلف الشخصیه والتاریخیه والثقافیه، وعلاقتها السببیه ووجود أوجه التشابه والتطابقات والقواسم المشترکه بین المفهومین وأفعال المجالین ووظائفهما. یهدف هذا البحث إلی دراسه الخصائص الأسلوبیه للاستعارات المفاهیمیه والمضامین المستخدمه فی مجال المصدر بغیه تجسید المجال الهدف فی قصتی المنفلوطی المشار إلیهما وتحدید أسلوب المنفلوطی من خلال العلاقات القائمه بین الحقل المصدر والحقل الهدف بالاعتماد علی المنهج الوصفی - التحلیلی بالإضافه إلی المنهج المعرفی. أفضت نتائج البحث إلی أنّ المنفلوطی، قد اتجه إلى مجالات معینه من المصدر والهدف فی تصوراته الاستعاریه، واستخدم فی تجسید کل مفهوم من المفاهیم السیاسیه للمجال الهدف مثل السیاسه، والقانون، والاستبداد، والحریه وغیرها بمجالات عده للمصدر. یتمیز أسلوبه بالقدره على تجسید الأفکار المجرده وتحویلها إلى صور ملموسه، ممّا یسهل على القارئ فهم المعانی العمیقه الّتی یحملها النص؛ إذ استخدم من المجال المصدر «الظاهره الکاذبه وغیرالحقیقیه» لتصور «الأدوات القانونیه السیاسیه» و المجال المصدر «السلعه المفقوده» لتصور «الفضیله فی مجالس السیاسه» والمجالات المفاهیمیه «الحیاه» و«الأشعه» و«المیدان الوسیع» و«النسمه» و«ظهور شیء ذی قیمه» للمجال الهدف «شیء ذی قیمه» لتصور مجال هدف «عدم الحریه» وامثال ذلک. کما یتمیز اسلوبه أیضاً باستخدام الاستعارات المکرره و المتوازیه لمفهمه المفاهیم النقدیه والسیاسیه. اختیار نوع المصادر فی الاستعارات تدلّ علی غضب الشاعر عن الاوضاع السیاسیه فی مصر کما یستفید من التصورات اکثر نفوراً واشمئزازاً دلاله علی غضبه واستیائه عن الظروف السیاسیه فی المجتمع و یعتمد أساس تصورات المنفلوطی الاستعاریه علی تجربته البیولوجیه والتاریخیه والثقافیه، وعلاقه السبب والنتیجه، والتشابهات الحسیه أو المجرده الموجوده مسبقاً ووجود التطابقات والقواسم المشترکه بین المفهومین وأفعال المجالین ووظائفهما.Cognitive Stylistics of Political Conceptual Metaphors in Al-Nazarat by Manfaluti with Emphasis on Lakoff's Theory (Case Study: Stories of Al-Hurriyah and Ayna Al-Fazilah)
Conceptual metaphor is one of the important areas of cognitive studies, in which a set of systematic correspondences between the source and target domains aligns the conceptual elements of the source domain with those of the target domain. Manfaluti presents the political themes of the stories "Al-Hurriyah" and "Ayna Al-Fadilah" through metaphorical conceptualizations based on the author’s personal, historical, and cultural experiences, causal relationships, and similarities between the concepts, as well as the actions and functions of the two domains. The present study, employing descriptive and content analysis methods with a cognitive approach, examines the most important stylistic features of conceptual metaphors. It investigates how concepts derived from the source domain are used to concretize the target domain in Manfaluti's aforementioned stories and determines his style through the relationships between the source and target domains. The findings of the research show that in conceptualizing political concepts within the target domain, such as politics, law, despotism, and freedom, Manfaluti resorts to several source domains with specific features. Among the prominent features of his style is the ability to conceptualize abstract concepts as tangible phenomena, which makes the deep concepts of the text easier for the audience to understand. For example, he uses the source domain of "false and unreal phenomena" to conceptualize "legal-political tools," "lost commodity" to conceptualize "virtue in political gatherings," and the source domains of "life," "light," "vast field," "breeze," and "appearance of a valuable thing" to conceptualize "freedom." Additionally, he uses "chains," "loss of wealth," "puppet," and "hiding a valuable thing" to conceptualize the target domain of "lack of freedom." The basis of Manfaluti's metaphorical conceptualizations lies in the author’s personal, historical, and cultural experiences, causal relationships, and the similarities and correspondences between the two concepts and the actions and functions of the two domains. Keywords: Cognitive stylistics, political conceptual metaphors, Mustafa Lutfi Al-Manfaluti, Al-Nazarat, the stories Al-Hurriya and Ayna Al-Fazila. Introduction: Cognitive stylistics is a novel approach in stylistic studies that developed and flourished during the first decade of the 21st century. This approach allows for the examination and analysis of texts through various stylistic layers and with a fresh perspective. It not only focuses on the relationship between linguistic choices, stylistic influences, and the reader's interpretation of the text, but also links these stylistic choices and prominent linguistic patterns to issues of mind and cognition. One of these stylistic layers is the rhetorical layer, where metaphor plays a fundamental role. In traditional rhetoric, metaphor was often analyzed mainly from an aesthetic viewpoint. However, in the 1980s, emerging perspectives challenged classical linguistic theories of metaphor. In his article "The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor," contemporary American cognitive linguist George Lakoff critiqued the classical view that considered metaphor merely a linguistic phenomenon rather than a concept rooted in thought. Among the contemporary literary figures who have conveyed their views and worldview through the use of cognitive metaphors is Mustafa Lutfi Al-Manfaluti. Therefore, the present study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to identify the key stylistic features, merits, and techniques of Al-Manfaluti in his use of cognitive political metaphors in the short stories "Al-Hurriyah" and "Ayn Al-Fazilah." Materials & Methods The data collection method in this article is library-based, and the research approach is descriptive-analytical, employing cognitive stylistics. The collected data is classified and processed using content analysis. Initially, the fundamentals of cognitive stylistics, along with variou
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