بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت های ارتباطی و ذهن آگاهی بر رضایت از زندگی و امیدواری نوجوانان ساکن مراکز نگهداری تحت پوشش بهزیستی شهر سقز
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش ذهن آگاهی و مهارت های ارتباطی بر رضایت از زندگی و امیدواری نوجوانان ساکن مراکز نگهداری تحت پوشش اداره بهزیستی شهر سقز بود. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی (شبه آزمایشی) و طرح آن پیش آزمون– پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل نوجوانان بی سرپرست و بد سرپرست تحت پوشش اداره بهزیستی شهر سقز در مجموع 464 نفر بوده اند. با توجه به آزمایشی بودن پژوهش تعداد 22 نفر برای طرح تحقیقی در نظر گرفته شد. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل آموزش ذهن آگاهی (کابات زین)، برنامه آموزش مهارت های ارتباطی (برزگر بفرویی)، پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی (وارو شربون) و پرسشنامه امیدواری (اسنایدر) بود. برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده های به دست آمده از نمونه ها هم از آمار توصیفی و هم از روش های آمار استنباطی استفاده شده است؛ همچنین در این تحقیق با توجه هدف اصلی پژوهش که بررسی میزان اثربخشی متغیرهای تحقیق است، برای بررسی نرمال بودن داده ها از آزمون لوین و کلموگروف- اسمیرنف و برای بررسی فرضیه های تحقیق از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره استفاده شد. در بحث و نتیجه گیری و همچنین تبیین نتایج پژوهش می توان بیان داشت که آموزش تلفیقی ذهن آگاهی و آموزش مهارت های ارتباطی بر رضایت از زندگی و امیدواری نوجوانان تحت پوشش اداره بهزیستی شهر سقز تأثیر دارد.The effectiveness of communication skills training and mindfulness on life satisfaction and hope among teenagers residing in care centers under the supervision of the Welfare Organization in Saqqez
Introduction: Adolescents, particularly those residing in care centers, face significant psychosocial challenges and a pessimistic outlook on the future due to the unique circumstances of this stage of life and their deprivation of essential material and emotional needs. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality of life as comprising physical, social, and psychological dimensions, emphasizing functional capacity, social support, and mental well-being. In positive psychology, efforts to enhance quality of life are considered indicators of “hope” for improving one’s life. In this context, specialized training programs, such as mindfulness and communication skills, are essential for managing adolescent maladjustment. Mindfulness, which involves attentively observing thoughts, emotions, and sensations in the present moment without judgment, fosters personal growth and inner tranquility. It is also an effective psychological intervention for managing irrational thoughts and emotions. Methodology: Based on the formulated objectives and hypotheses, this study employs a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group structure. The experimental and control groups were measured and compared at two points (pre-test and post-test) to assess the impact of independent variables (mindfulness training and communication skills training) on dependent variables (quality of life and hopefulness) among adolescents residing in care centers under the supervision of the Welfare Organization in Saqqez County. The study population included all male and female adolescents residing in these care centers in 2023. The sampling method was purposive and simple random selection, where 22 out of 67 residents were chosen. Data were collected using the “Varoshbon Quality of Life” and “Snyder Hope” questionnaires, alongside the “Mindfulness and Communication Skills” training program.Findings: The findings of this study are presented based on two separate analyses:First Analysis (Impact of Integrated Mindfulness and Communication Skills Training on Quality of Life): The results indicate that the obtained F-value for all components is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Therefore, integrated mindfulness and communication skills training positively impact the quality of life of adolescents residing in care centers under the Welfare Organization in Saqqez.Second Analysis (Impact of Integrated Mindfulness and Communication Skills Training on Hopefulness): The results of the between-subject effects test comparing hopefulness components in the experimental and control groups during the post-test phase show a statistically significant F-value at the 0.05 level. Therefore, integrated mindfulness and communication skills training enhances hopefulness among orphaned and neglected adolescents under the Welfare Organization’s care in Saqqez.Discussion and Conclusion: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness and communication skills training on life satisfaction and hopefulness among adolescents residing in care centers under the Welfare Organization in Saqqez. The findings demonstrate that integrated mindfulness and communication skills training positively influence the quality of life of these adolescents. These results align with previous studies by Ghamari and Khoshnam (2011), Sarmadi et al. (2015), Bazano, Andersen, Heaton, and Gastet (2018), Peterson and Olson (2020), Obo et al. (2021), and Orinius et al. (2022).In explaining these findings, it can be stated that mindfulness is a method for observing thoughts, images, and emotions and accepting them without becoming entangled in their content or challenging negative thoughts through classical cognitive-behavioral techniques. Communication skills represent a set of abilities that facilitate positive and effective social interactions, enabling individuals to behave appropriately in various situations.The second analysis revealed that integrated mindfulness and communication skills training also significantly enhances hopefulness among adolescents residing in care centers. This finding is consistent with research by Mirmehdi and Rezaali (2018), Sedrpoushan and Rajaei (2020), Arab (2020), Bushmain et al. (2008), Ebeling-Markus et al. (2022), Arjun and Sanji (2022).To explain this, mindfulness fosters a balanced, non-judgmental awareness that enables individuals to clearly perceive and accept emotions and physical phenomena as they occur. Mindfulness has been recognized as playing a crucial role in reducing reactivity and enhancing emotional self-discipline when faced with stressful situations. In essence, mindfulness is an integral component of cognitive therapy, involving an intentional and non-judgmental awareness of the ever-changing nature of experiences, coupled with an acceptance of reality as it unfolds. In mindfulness-based training, clients learn how to engage with their irrational thoughts and emotions, focus on their thought content, modify it, and view their experiences from a broader perspective.Based on these research findings, it can be concluded that integrated mindfulness and communication skills training contributes to improving the hopefulness of adolescents residing in care centers under the Welfare Organization, positively influencing their outlook on life and future trajectory.
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